Point process convergence for symmetric functions of high-dimensional random vectors

The convergence of a sequence of point processes with dependent points, defined by a symmetric function of iid high-dimensional random vectors, to a Poisson random measure is proved. This also implies the convergence of the joint distribution of a fixed number of upper order statistics. As applications of the result a generalization of maximum convergence to point process convergence is given for simple linear rank statistics, rank-type U-statistics and the entries of sample covariance matrices.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figur

Maximum interpoint distance of high-dimensional random vectors

A limit theorem for the largest interpoint distance of $p$ independent and identically distributed points in $\mathbb{R}^n$ to the Gumbel distribution is proved, where the number of points $p=p_n$ tends to infinity as the dimension of the points $n\to\infty$. The theorem holds under moment assumptions and corresponding conditions on the growth rate of $p$. We obtain a plethora of ancillary results such as the joint convergence of maximum and minimum interpoint distances. Using the inherent sum structure of interpoint distances, our result is generalized to maxima of dependent random walks with non-decaying correlations and we also derive point process convergence. An application of the maximum interpoint distance to testing the equality of means for high-dimensional random vectors is presented. Moreover, we study the largest off-diagonal entry of a sample covariance matrix. The proofs are based on the Chen-Stein Poisson approximation method and Gaussian approximation to large deviation probabilities.Comment: 34 pages, 2 figure

Project LAB

Treball desenvolupat dins el marc del programa 'European Project Semester'.In the North Sea, the construction of wind parks using pile driving forms a threat to porpoises, since they have a very sensitive auditory system. In order to protect this species, the construction work has to be stopped when they are nearby. The purpose of this project is to design a low-cost buoy which should be able to detect these animals in their natural environment and subsequently serve as a supportive device for offshore workers. Additionally, a proposal for a tracking device which can be directly attached to the animals was made. To achieve these objectives, research was conducted on requirements for buoys in North Sea conditions, the behaviour of porpoises, and technical components as well as the necessary software for detection. This report proposes a design for a buoy to meet these objectives

A rapid protocol for ribosome profiling of low input samples.

Ribosome profiling provides quantitative, comprehensive, and high-resolution snapshots of cellular translation by the high-throughput sequencing of short mRNA fragments that are protected by ribosomes from nucleolytic digestion. While the overall principle is simple, the workflow of ribosome profiling experiments is complex and challenging, and typically requires large amounts of sample, limiting its broad applicability. Here, we present a new protocol for ultra-rapid ribosome profiling from low-input samples. It features a robust strategy for sequencing library preparation within one day that employs solid phase purification of reaction intermediates, allowing to reduce the input to as little as 0.1 pmol of ∼30 nt RNA fragments. Hence, it is particularly suited for the analyses of small samples or targeted ribosome profiling. Its high sensitivity and its ease of implementation will foster the generation of higher quality data from small samples, which opens new opportunities in applying ribosome profiling

ifo Konjunkturprognose 2010: Deutsche Wirtschaft ohne Dynamik

Am 15. Dezember 2009 stellte das ifo Institut seine Prognose für die Jahre 2010 und 2011 vor. Zwar steigen seit dem Frühjahr 2009 Produktion und Handel wieder, aber das Wachstumstempo wird niedrig bleiben. Ein Kernproblem ist die Schwächung der internationalen Finanzmärkte, deren Funktionsfähigkeit in wichtigen Segmenten nach wie vor eingeschränkt ist. Zudem musste das Bankensystem gewaltige Eigenkapitalverluste hinnehmen. In wichtigen Industrieländern kommt eine Krise am Immobilienmarkt hinzu, die dort den Abschreibungsbedarf bei Banken erhöht. Die Kreditbedingungen bleiben damit weltweit restriktiv, was die Finanzierung von Investitionen und neuen Arbeitsplätzen massiv beeinträchtigt. Insgesamt wird das Bruttoinlandsprodukt der Welt im Jahr 2010 um 3,1% und im Jahr 2011 um 2,6% steigen, nachdem es im Jahr 2009 um 1,1% zurückgegangen ist. Der Anstieg der Preise wird sich weltweit etwas beschleunigen. In Deutschland hat sich die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion im Frühjahr stabilisiert. Im zweiten Quartal expandierte das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt saison- und kalenderbereinigt um 0,4%, im dritten Quartal sogar um 0,7%. Aufgrund des außerordentlich kräftigen Einbruchs im vorausgegangenen Winterhalbjahr um fast 6% blieb die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion, und hier insbesondere die Erzeugung in den exportabhängigen Branchen, aber auf niedrigem Niveau. Der gesamtwirtschaftliche Auslastungsgrad – zieht man die ifo Kapazitätsauslastung im verarbeitenden Gewerbe als Proxy heran – liegt derzeit um etwa 10 Prozentpunkte unter dem langjährigen Durchschnitt. Insgesamt dürfte die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion saison- und kalenderbereinigt im Jahresendquartal 2009 weiter zugenommen haben, wenngleich in einem etwas langsameren Tempo (0,5%) als im Vorquartal. Im Gesamtjahr 2009 sinkt das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt um 4,9%. Im Jahresdurchschnitt 2010 wird das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt voraussichtlich um 1,7% zunehmen; im Jahresdurchschnitt 2011 um 1,2%.Konjunktur, Konjunkturumfrage, Konjunkturprognose, Wirtschaftslage, Geschäftsklima, Weltkonjunktur, Deutschland, Welt

Discontinuation of BRAF/MEK-Directed Targeted Therapy after Complete Remission of Metastatic Melanoma—A Retrospective Multicenter ADOReg Study

The advent of BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) has significantly improved progressionfree (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced BRAF-V600-mutant melanoma. Long-term survivors have been identified particularly among patients with a complete response (CR) to BRAF/MEK-directed targeted therapy (TT). However, it remains unclear which patients who achieved a CR maintain a durable response and whether treatment cessation might be a safe option in these patients. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of treatment cessation on the clinical course of patients with a CR upon BRAF/MEK-directed-TT. We retrospectively selected patients with BRAF-V600-mutant advanced non-resectable melanoma who had been treated with BRAFi ± MEKi therapy and achieved a CR upon treatment out of the multicentric skin cancer registry ADOReg. Data on baseline patient characteristics, duration of TT, treatment cessation, tumor progression (TP) and response to second-line treatments were collected and analyzed. Of 461 patients who received BRAF/MEK-directed TT 37 achieved a CR. TP after initial CR was observed in 22 patients (60%) mainly affecting patients who discontinued TT (n = 22/26), whereas all patients with ongoing TT (n = 11) maintained their CR. Accordingly, patients who discontinued TT had a higher risk of TP compared to patients with ongoing treatment (p < 0.001). However, our data also show that patients who received TT for more than 16 months and who discontinued TT for other reasons than TP or toxicity did not have a shorter PFS compared to patients with ongoing treatment. Response rates to second-line treatment being initiated in 21 patients, varied between 27% for immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and 60% for BRAFi/MEKi rechallenge. In summary, we identified a considerable number of patients who achieved a CR upon BRAF/MEK-directed TT in this contemporary realworld cohort of patients with BRAF-V600-mutant melanoma. Sustained PFS was not restricted to ongoing TT but was also found in patients who discontinued TT

DNA methylation-based prediction of response to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic melanoma

Background Therapies based on targeting immune checkpoints have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma in recent years. Still, biomarkers predicting long-term therapy responses are lacking. Methods A novel approach of reference-free deconvolution of large-scale DNA methylation data enabled us to develop a machine learning classifier based on CpG sites, specific for latent methylation components (LMC), that allowed for patient allocation to prognostic clusters. DNA methylation data were processed using reference-free analyses (MeDeCom) and reference-based computational tumor deconvolution (MethylCIBERSORT, LUMP). Results We provide evidence that DNA methylation signatures of tumor tissue from cutaneous metastases are predictive for therapy response to immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma. Conclusions These results demonstrate that LMC-based segregation of large-scale DNA methylation data is a promising tool for classifier development and treatment response estimation in cancer patients under targeted immunotherapy

A charge carrier transport model for donor-acceptor blend layers

Highly efficient organic solar cells typically comprise donor-acceptor blend layers facilitating effective splitting of excitons. However, the charge carrier mobility in the blends can be substantially smaller than in neat materials, hampering the device performance. Currently, available mobility models do not describe the transport in blend layers entirely. Here, we investigate hole transport in a model blend system consisting of the small molecule donor zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and the acceptor fullerene C-60 in different mixing ratios. The blend layer is sandwiched between p-doped organic injection layers, which prevent minority charge carrier injection and enable exploiting diffusion currents for the characterization of exponential tail states from a thickness variation of the blend layer using numerical drift-diffusion simulations. Trap-assisted recombination must be considered to correctly model the conductivity behavior of the devices, which are influenced by local electron currents in the active layer, even though the active layer is sandwiched in between p-doped contacts. We find that the density of deep tail states is largest in the devices with 1:1 mixing ratio (E-t - 0.14 eV, N-t - 1.2 x 10(18) cm(-3)) directing towards lattice disorder as the transport limiting process. A combined field and charge carrier density dependent mobility model are developed for this blend layer. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC