Simultaneous Analysis of Cytokines and Costimulatory Molecules Concentrations by ELISA Technique and of Probabilities of Measurable Concentrations of Interleukins IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8), IL-10, IL-13 Occurring in Plasma of Healthy Blood Donors

Background. The cytokine network remarkably influences homeostasis. There is not a complex analysis describing physiological values of soluble cytokines in healthy individuals. Methods. Authors used the ELISA method to detect soluble cytokines and costimulatory molecules simultaneously in the plasma of 30 blood donors. Results. Data are shown as (a range of concentrations; median) IL-2 (0–74.48 pg/mL; 0), IL-4 (0–65.18 pg/mL; 0), IL-5 (0–86.69 pg/mL; 0), IL-6 (0–73.17 pg/mL; 0), IL-8 (0–74.8 pg/mL; 0), IL-10 (0–12.6 pg/mL; 0), IL-13 (0–3.9 pg/mL; 0), sCD40L (0–3.5 ng/mL; 0), and TNF-α (0–67.6; 0). For the IL-6 receptor, the concentration was 75.89 ± 35.83 ng/mL (average ± SD), sCD23 28.9 ± 15.22 ng/mL, and TGFβ1 14.98 ± 12.39 ng/mL. A special approach was taken for the analysis of values, which had median 0. A model for the probability of detectable level's occurrence for each interleukin was formulated with intervals of confidence. Conclusion. These results provide reference values for cytokine levels in the plasma of healthy individuals

The role of quantitative Tc-99m-MIBI gated SPECT/F-18-FDG PET imaging in the monitoring of intracoronary bone marrow cell transplantation

BACKGROUND: A lot of unresolved questions still exist concerning the exact mechanism of the beneficial effects of bone marrow cell (BMC) transplantation for myocardial regeneration. The aim of this communication is to report the cases of patients with and without post-transplantation left ventricular function improvement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To this study we included consecutive patients with irreversible damage after a first acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by coronary angioplasty with stent implantation. The irreversible damage was identified by dobutamine echocardiography and confirmed by rest gated Tc-99m-MIBI gated SPECT and in the majority of patients by F-18-FDG PET imaging as well. Using 4D-MSPECT software, we quantified MIBI/FDG uptake and gated SPECT left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic/end-systolic volumes (LVEF, EDV/ESV) before BMC therapy and 3 months later. RESULTS: The results obtained in the initial group of patients in this study (27 patients in the BMC treated group, 16 patients in the control group) have been published previously [Eur J Nucl Med 2005; 32 (Suppl 1 ): S46]. Among the BMC group, we identified 13 responders to therapy with average LVEF improvement from 43.3% ± 11% to 51.4% ± 10.4% and EDV/ESV improvement from 145 ml/84 ml to 133 ml/67 ml. The remaining 14 patients were non-responders to therapy with no significant change in LVEF (39.1% ± 8.1% versus 39.8% ± 7.4%), the EDV/ESV increased from 166 ml/105 ml to 188 ml/116 ml. Responders to the cell therapy had prevailing MIBI uptake in the range of 31-50% of maximum in the infarction territory. On the other hand, non-responders to BMC therapy had prevailing MIBI uptake in the range of 0-30% of maximum. Two cases are presented in this report. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies with a larger cohort of patients would be helpful to evaluate our findings. We observed strong interindividual differences in the effectiveness of the cell therapy. Prevailing residual MIBI uptake in the range of 31-50% of maximum was in the subgroup of responders to the cell therapy