Impact of ocean stratification on submarine melting of a major Greenland outlet glacier

Submarine melting is an important balance term for tidewater glaciers1,2 and recent observations point to a change in the submarine melt rate as a potential trigger for the widespread acceleration of outlet glaciers in Greenland3-5. Our understanding of the dynamics involved, and hence our ability to interpret past and predict future variability of the Greenland Ice Sheet, however, is severely impeded by the lack of measurements at the ice/ocean interface. To fill this gap, attempts to quantify the submarine melt rate and its variability have relied on a paradigm developed for tidewater glaciers terminating in fjords with shallow sills. In this case, the fjords’ waters are mostly homogeneous and the heat transport to the terminus, and hence the melt rate, is controlled by a single overturning cell in which glacially modified water upwells at the ice edge, driving an inflow at depth and a fresh outflow at the surface1. Greenland’s fjords, however, have deep sills which allow both cold, fresh Arctic and warm, salty Atlantic waters, circulating around Greenland, to reach the ice sheet margin3,6,7. Thus, Greenland’s glaciers flow into strongly stratified fjords and the generic tidewater glacier paradigm is not applicable. Here, using new summer data collected at the margins of Helheim Glacier, East Greenland, we show that melting is driven by both Atlantic and Arctic waters and that the circulation at the ice edge is organized in multiple, overturning cells that arise from their different properties. Multiple cells with different characteristics are also observed in winter, when glacial run off is at a minimum and there is little surface outflow. These results indicate that stratification in the fjord waters has a profound impact on the melting dynamics and suggest that the shape and stability of Greenland’s glaciers are strongly influenced by layering and variability in the Arctic and Atlantic waters. 

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Invisible Locative Media: Key Considerations at the Nexus of Place and Digital Journalism

Mobility and location-awareness are pervasive and foundational elements of contemporary communication systems, and a descriptive term to synthesize them, “locative media”, has gained widespread use throughout mobile media and communication research. That label of “locative media”, though, usually gets defined ad hoc and used in many different ways to express a variety of related ideas. Locative features of digital media increasingly have changed from visible location-driven aspects of user interfaces, such as check-in features and location badges, toward more inconspicuous ways of relating to location through automated backend processes. In turn, locative features—whether in journalism or other formats and content types—are now increasingly algorithmic and hidden “under the hood”, so to speak. Part of the problem with existing classifications or typologies in this field is that they do not take into account this practical shift and the rapid development of locative media in many new directions, intertwining ubiquitous digital integration with heterogeneous content distinctions and divergences. Existing definitions and typologies tend to be based on dated practices of use and initial versions of applications that have changed significantly since inception. To illustrate, this article identifies three emerging areas within digital journalism and mobile media practice that call for further research into the locative dimensions of journalism: the situational turn in news consumption research, platform-specific vis-a-vis platform-agnostic mobile news production, and personalised news

Complement activation is associated with poor outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest initiates a whole-body ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may activate the innate immune system, including the complement system. We hypothesized that complement activation and subsequent release of soluble endothelial activation markers were associated with cerebral outcome including death. Methods - Outcome was assessed at six months and defined by cerebral performance category scale (1−2; good outcome, 3−5; poor outcome including death) in 232 resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Plasma samples obtained at admission and day three were analysed for complement activation products C3bc, the soluble terminal complement complex (sC5b-9), and soluble CD14. Endothelial cell activation was measured by soluble markers syndecan-1, sE-selectin, thrombomodulin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule. Results - Forty-nine percent of the patients had good outcome. C3bc and sC5b-9 were significantly higher at admission compared to day three (p Conclusion - Complement system activation, reflected by sC5b-9 at admission, leading to subsequent endothelial cell activation, was associated with poor outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients

Nyheter, til deg, der du er - Utvikling av lokativ journalistikk for mobile enheter – et pragmatisk perspektiv

Abstract in English The smartphone has now become the largest platform for accessing news in several countries. This has changed how consumers relate to and consume news. This change combined with the built-in positioning technologies allows new ways of distributing and telling news stories. Through the research project called LocaNews this thesis investigates how a location-dependent form of journalism, called locative journalism, can be designed and how this form affects the content and its use. Locative journalism can be characterized as a non-existent practice and therefore contains an unused potential. To investigate this potential the thesis analyzes a system, designed together with other researchers, for production of this kind of news. Questions as how to make journalism tailored to people on the go and what kind of news fits this format were key questions this project departed from. The challenge for locative journalism is not just simply to tailor news to you as a person, but also to you where you are. This includes a place- and a situational fit of the journalistic content which exceeds the current practice of the local journalism today. As an example, presented news stories in this form of journalism is depending on the distance to the news story rather than editorial selections. However, the thesis does not ask the question how journalism is or has been produced, but rather how journalism can be made. This separates the thesis from traditional journalism research that mainly has investigated existing or historical practices. The main conclusion is that locative journalism contributes to more event-based journalism and to a more information-driven use of news. Part of the reason is that digital and mobile news makes the journalism more geographical oriented and brings it closer to the consumers beat of everyday life with information on local events. This causes a tension between news journalism and practical information and shows that the user of locative journalism has problems identifying this as journalism since the ties to the traditional journalistic form remain strong. In addition, the thesis argues that more media- and journalism scholars should design journalistic content and technical prototypes to contribute to the making of systems for well-tailored communication

Invisible Locative Media: Key Considerations at the Nexus of Place and Digital Journalism

Mobility and location awareness are pervasive and foundational elements of contemporary communication systems, and a descriptive term to synthesize them, “locative media”, has gained wide spread use throughout mobile media and communication research. That label of “locative media”, though, usually gets defined ad hoc and used in many different ways to Express a variety of related ideas. Locative features of digital media increasingly have changed from visible location-driven aspects of user interfaces, such as check-in features and location badges, toward more in conspicuous ways of relating to location through automated backend processes. In turn, locative features—whether in journalism or other formats and content types—are now increasingly algorithmic and hidden “under the hood”, so to speak. Part of the problem with existing classifications or typologies in this field is that they do not take into account this practical shift and the rapid Development of locative media in many new directions, intertwining ubiquitous digital integration with heterogeneous content distinctions and divergences. Existing definitions and typologies tend to be based on dated practices of use and initial versions of applications that have changed significantly since inception. To illustrate, this article identifies threee merging areas within digital journalism and mobile media practice that call for further research into the locative dimensions of journalism: the situational turn in news consumption research, platform-specific vis-a-vis platform-agnostic mobile news production,and personalised news

Complement activation is associated with poor outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background Cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest initiates a whole-body ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may activate the innate immune system, including the complement system. We hypothesized that complement activation and subsequent release of soluble endothelial activation markers were associated with cerebral outcome including death. Methods Outcome was assessed at six months and defined by cerebral performance category scale (1−2; good outcome, 3−5; poor outcome including death) in 232 resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Plasma samples obtained at admission and day three were analysed for complement activation products C3bc, the soluble terminal complement complex (sC5b-9), and soluble CD14. Endothelial cell activation was measured by soluble markers syndecan-1, sE-selectin, thrombomodulin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule. Results Forty-nine percent of the patients had good outcome. C3bc and sC5b-9 were significantly higher at admission compared to day three (p < 0.001 for both) and in patients with poor compared to good outcome (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001, respectively). Unadjusted, higher sC5b-9 at admission was associated with poor outcome (odds ratio 1.08 (95% CI 1.01–1.14), p = 0.024). Adjusted, sC5b-9 was still associated with outcome, but the association became non-significant when time to return-of-spontaneous-circulation above 25 min was included as a covariate. Endothelial cell activation markers increased from admission to day three, but only sE-selectin and thrombomodulin were significantly higher in patients with poor versus good outcome (p = 0.004 and p = 0.03, respectively) and correlated to sCD14 and sC5b-9/C3bc, respectively. Conclusion Complement system activation, reflected by sC5b-9 at admission, leading to subsequent endothelial cell activation, was associated with poor outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients

Complement activation is associated with poor outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background Cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest initiates a whole-body ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may activate the innate immune system, including the complement system. We hypothesized that complement activation and subsequent release of soluble endothelial activation markers were associated with cerebral outcome including death. Methods Outcome was assessed at six months and defined by cerebral performance category scale (1−2; good outcome, 3−5; poor outcome including death) in 232 resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Plasma samples obtained at admission and day three were analysed for complement activation products C3bc, the soluble terminal complement complex (sC5b-9), and soluble CD14. Endothelial cell activation was measured by soluble markers syndecan-1, sE-selectin, thrombomodulin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule. Results Forty-nine percent of the patients had good outcome. C3bc and sC5b-9 were significantly higher at admission compared to day three (p < 0.001 for both) and in patients with poor compared to good outcome (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001, respectively). Unadjusted, higher sC5b-9 at admission was associated with poor outcome (odds ratio 1.08 (95% CI 1.01–1.14), p = 0.024). Adjusted, sC5b-9 was still associated with outcome, but the association became non-significant when time to return-of-spontaneous-circulation above 25 min was included as a covariate. Endothelial cell activation markers increased from admission to day three, but only sE-selectin and thrombomodulin were significantly higher in patients with poor versus good outcome (p = 0.004 and p = 0.03, respectively) and correlated to sCD14 and sC5b-9/C3bc, respectively. Conclusion Complement system activation, reflected by sC5b-9 at admission, leading to subsequent endothelial cell activation, was associated with poor outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients

Sensing the News: User Experiences when Reading Locative News

This article focuses on user experiences on reading location-aware news on the mobile platform and aims to explore what experiences this kind of locative journalism generates and how such experiences change the users’ social interaction with news. We produced a specially designed mobile application and tailored news stories specific to this project called LocaNews in order to explore participants’ relation to the content in this journalistic format. The result is generated through a field study and a questionnaire of 32 people to find out how they experience the news presented in this format. The user participants’ responses are analyzed based on their news experiences, contextualizing places and their social interaction with the news within this form of journalism. Results showed that the local, semi-local and non-local user approaches the locative news in a different manner, but that the average user found this kind of news more interesting and more informative than ordinary news. The participants also have a problem identifying this as journalism, rather than an information service