Solar cycle dependence of scaling in solar wind fluctuations

In this review we collate recent results for the statistical scaling properties of fluctuations in the solar wind with a view to synthesizing two descriptions: that of evolving MHD turbulence and that of a scaling signature of coronal origin that passively propagates with the solar wind. The scenario that emerges is that of coexistent signatures which map onto the well known "two component" picture of solar wind magnetic fluctuations. This highlights the need to consider quantities which track Alfvénic fluctuations, and energy and momentum flux densities to obtain a complete description of solar wind fluctuations

Pseudo-nonstationarity in the scaling exponents of finite-interval time series

The accurate estimation of scaling exponents is central in the observational study of scale-invariant phenomena. Natural systems unavoidably provide observations over restricted intervals; consequently, a stationary stochastic process (time series) can yield anomalous time variation in the scaling exponents, suggestive of nonstationarity. The variance in the estimates of scaling exponents computed from an interval of N observations is known for finite variance processes to vary as ~1/N as N for certain statistical estimators; however, the convergence to this behavior will depend on the details of the process, and may be slow. We study the variation in the scaling of second-order moments of the time-series increments with N for a variety of synthetic and “real world” time series, and we find that in particular for heavy tailed processes, for realizable N, one is far from this ~1/N limiting behavior. We propose a semiempirical estimate for the minimum N needed to make a meaningful estimate of the scaling exponents for model stochastic processes and compare these with some “real world” time series

Breaking Down Barriers: Exploring the Potential of Participatory Visual Research to Promote University Students' Active Participation in Sustainable Development Initiatives

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) serves as one of the most promising approaches amidst the current global sustainability crisis. Universities, as research and innovation hubs, have the critical responsibility to make graduates competent as sustainable citizens. Still, research shows that the rigid, top-down approaches in institutions often inhibit students' meaningful participation in leadership and decisionmaking opportunities within ESD programs. In this paper, I advocate for using creative participatory methodologies, such as participatory visual research (PVR), to promote students' meaningful participation in sustainability initiatives. Through the review of extant ESD scholarship, I establish that PVR can engage students' participation in sustainability initiatives while promoting their critical awareness of sustainability challenges as well as revealing their implicit and hidden sustainability perceptions and values. This paper provides valuable insights for researchers seeking to leverage PVR's full potential while considering its ethical, practical, and theoretical implications for ESD research

Investigating the Relationship of Weight Gain and Obesity With Minimal Cognitive Impairment Among Middle-Aged People

AbstractThis study was carried out with the aim of investigation on a relationship of obesity as a risk factor for MCI so that in case of proving such relationship weight control management could be influential in reducing the number of elderly people stricken to Demans. The present research is of the scientific-comparative type and was performed on 150 middle-aged people from Tabriz. Data was obtained via BM index and MMSE test. In order to analyze the obtained data, t-student test and single-way variance analysis were employed. This study showed that among female middle-aged people including three weight groups, there was a meaningful difference. Obese men and women as compared to two groups “overweight” and “normal weight” and women having overweight compared to women having normal weight are more subjected to the minimal cognitive impairment. Among middleaged men, there was no significant difference between the group having overweight and the obese group

R. v. Lloyd and the Unpredictable Stability of Mandatory Minimum Litigation

The adjudication of the constitutionality of mandatory minimum sentences by the Supreme Court of Canada presents a contradictory message. On the one hand, cases challenging the constitutionality of mandatory minimum sentences appear before the Court on a seemingly annual basis. On the other hand, the actual treatment of those cases is anything but routine, presenting divergent and at times contradictory messages within the narrow range of mandatory minimum sentences jurisprudence, sentencing law more generally, and the definition of Charter rights broadly speaking. The Court’s decision in R. v. Lloyd1 is the latest iteration in this line of cases, clarifying and confusing the state of the law in the best traditions of Charter adjudication

KI-Mediated Three-component Reaction of Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride with Aryl/Heteroaryl Aldehydes and Two β-Oxoesters

A KI-mediated multi-component cyclocondensation of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, aromatic/hetero-aromatic aldehydes, and   ethyl acetoacetate or 4-chloroethyl acetoacetate to form isoxazole-5(4H)-one heterocycles is described. The reaction employs readily accessible starting reactants and provides a range of synthetically isoxazole-5(4H)-ones in good to high yields. Reactions were performed in water as a green medium at room temperature (RT) without heating, microwave irradiation or sonication.  Reusability of the reaction medium is also a noteworthy characteristic of this reaction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v10i2.113

Improvement Performance in Treatment Systems of Industrial Wastewater for Reuse using Analytical Hierarchy Process

Reuse of wastewater plays a key role in reducing the consumption of water resources. Results show that the use of wastewater in agriculture had a positive effect on sodium absorption ratio and humus soil and improves soil conditions. The aim of this study was to improve the performance of the treatment of industrial effluents for reuse through applying the analytic hierarchy process. In determining the promotion of industries wastewater treatment system, the most important criterion was environment with relative weighting of 43.7%; the best sub-criterion was desired treatment degree with relative weight of 23.6%. regarding to management criteria, the best sub-criterion was sustainable operation with relative weight of 28.8%; for the economic criteria, the sub-criterion was the land requirement with relative weight of 58.2% and finally for technical criteria, the sub-criterion was treatment plant upgrading and development with the relative weight of 38.5%. Therefore, for improving system performance of the industrial wastewater treatment to prevent the accumulation of heavy metals, recycling and increased soil salinity to the level not resulting in soil salinity are recommended as environmental criteria (degree of treatment)