In Search of a Trade Mark: Search Practices and Bureaucratic Poetics

Trade marks have been understood as quintessential ‘bureaucratic properties’. This article suggests that the making of trade marks has been historically influenced by bureaucratic practices of search and classification, which in turn were affected by the possibilities and limits of spatial organisation and technological means of access and storage. It shows how the organisation of access and retrieval did not only condition the possibility of conceiving new trade marks, but also served to delineate their intangible proprietary boundaries. Thereby they framed the very meaning of a trade mark. By advancing a historical analysis that is sensitive to shifts, both in actual materiality and in the administrative routines of trade mark law, the article highlights the legal form of trade mark as inherently social and materially shaped. We propose a historical understanding of trade mark law that regards legal practice and bureaucratic routines as being co-constitutive of the very legal object itself

Sequence-based identification of interface residues by an integrative profile combining hydrophobic and evolutionary information

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Protein-protein interactions play essential roles in protein function determination and drug design. Numerous methods have been proposed to recognize their interaction sites, however, only a small proportion of protein complexes have been successfully resolved due to the high cost. Therefore, it is important to improve the performance for predicting protein interaction sites based on primary sequence alone.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We propose a new idea to construct an integrative profile for each residue in a protein by combining its hydrophobic and evolutionary information. A support vector machine (SVM) ensemble is then developed, where SVMs train on different pairs of positive (interface sites) and negative (non-interface sites) subsets. The subsets having roughly the same sizes are grouped in the order of accessible surface area change before and after complexation. A self-organizing map (SOM) technique is applied to group similar input vectors to make more accurate the identification of interface residues. An ensemble of ten-SVMs achieves an MCC improvement by around 8% and F1 improvement by around 9% over that of three-SVMs. As expected, SVM ensembles constantly perform better than individual SVMs. In addition, the model by the integrative profiles outperforms that based on the sequence profile or the hydropathy scale alone. As our method uses a small number of features to encode the input vectors, our model is simpler, faster and more accurate than the existing methods.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The integrative profile by combining hydrophobic and evolutionary information contributes most to the protein-protein interaction prediction. Results show that evolutionary context of residue with respect to hydrophobicity makes better the identification of protein interface residues. In addition, the ensemble of SVM classifiers improves the prediction performance.</p> <p>Availability</p> <p>Datasets and software are available at <url>http://mail.ustc.edu.cn/~bigeagle/BMCBioinfo2010/index.htm</url>.</p

Exorciser l’homme des sciences humaines : programmes du poststructuralisme

« Exorciser l’homme des sciences humaines » constitue un manifeste dans lequel Kittler se penche sur les « Programmes du poststructuralisme ». Récapitulant deux siècles de « sciences humaines » (de l’institution philosophique des notions d’histoire, d’esprit et d’homme au xixe siècle à leur remise en cause dans la psychanalyse, la linguistique et l’ethnologie du xxe siècle), Kittler conclut à la dissémination des discours. En creux, il dessine toutefois une ligne plus radicale. Là où un exorcisme chrétien ne se conçoit pas sans la parole : celui auquel il invite fonctionne par une combinatoire quasi mécanique des sciences dont la clé est l’opérationnalisation mathématique et technique, c’est-à-dire informatique, de la négation. Le programme implicite de Kittler étant de faire l’archéologie d’un « Esprit » devenu « Légion »

Exorciser l’homme des sciences humaines : programmes du poststructuralisme

« Exorciser l’homme des sciences humaines » constitue un manifeste dans lequel Kittler se penche sur les « Programmes du poststructuralisme ». Récapitulant deux siècles de « sciences humaines » (de l’institution philosophique des notions d’histoire, d’esprit et d’homme au xixe siècle à leur remise en cause dans la psychanalyse, la linguistique et l’ethnologie du xxe siècle), Kittler conclut à la dissémination des discours. En creux, il dessine toutefois une ligne plus radicale. Là où un exorcisme chrétien ne se conçoit pas sans la parole : celui auquel il invite fonctionne par une combinatoire quasi mécanique des sciences dont la clé est l’opérationnalisation mathématique et technique, c’est-à-dire informatique, de la négation. Le programme implicite de Kittler étant de faire l’archéologie d’un « Esprit » devenu « Légion »

Disrupting Academic Publishing: Questions of Access in a Digital Environment

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