Reporting nuclear cardiology: a joint position paper by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI)

The report of an imaging procedure is a critical component of an examination, being the final and often the only communication from the interpreting physician to the referring or treating physician. Very limited evidence and few recommendations or guidelines on reporting imaging studies are available; therefore, an European position statement on how to report nuclear cardiology might be useful. The current paper combines the limited existing evidence with expert consensus, previously published recommendations as well as current clinical practices. For all the applications discussed in this paper (myocardial perfusion, viability, innervation, and function as acquired by single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography or hybrid imaging), headings cover laboratory and patient demographics, clinical indication, tracer administration and image acquisition, findings, and conclusion of the report. The statement also discusses recommended terminology in nuclear cardiology, image display, and preliminary reports. It is hoped that this statement may lead to more attention to create well-written and standardized nuclear cardiology reports and eventually lead to improved clinical outcom

EPICARDIAL ENTRENCHMENT OF VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM USING ND-YAG LASER: PREVENTION OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE WHETHER THE ENTRECHMENT OF VENTRICULARMYOCARDIUM REGIONS VIA THE EPICARDIUM, WITHOUT VENTRICULOTOMY, MIGHT HAVE A PROTECTIVE EFFECT AGAINST VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. THE EXPERIMENTS WERE CARRIED OUT IN 16 ANAESTHETIZED OPEN CHEST DOGS. DC CURRENT WAS APPLIED, WITHIN AREAS ENTRENCHED USING ND-YAG LASER, TO TEST THE OCCURENCE OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION OCCURED 13/118 TIMES BY APPLYING DC CURRENT WITHIN THE ENTRENCHED AREAS AND 86/114 TIMES BY APPLYING THE CURRENT OUTSIDE OF THESE AREAS OR BEFORE INTERVENTION (P < 0,0005). THE SIZE OF VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM AREAS CAPABLE TO PREVENT VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION IS POSSIBLY RELATED TOTHE "CRITICAL MASS" HYPOTHESIS, WHERE THE CRITICAL MASS IS THE AMOUNT OF MYOCARDIAL MASS NEEDED FOR THE OCCURENCE AND MAINTENANCE OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE ENTRENCHMENT OF SMALL AREAS OF VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM BY ND-YAG LASER APPLICATION, PREVENTS THE OCCURENCE OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION, WHEN DC CURRENT IS APPLIED WITHIN THE ENTRENCHED AREAS, WHILE PERMITTING THE CONDUCTION OF PACED BEATS.ΣΚΟΠΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΝΑ ΔΙΕΡΕΥΝΗΣΕΙ ΑΝ Η ΕΠΙΚΑΡΔΙΑΚΗ ΠΕΡΙΧΑΡΑΚΩΣΗΤΟΥ ΚΟΙΛΙΑΚΟΥ ΜΥΟΚΑΡΔΙΟΥ, ΜΕ ND-YAG LASER, ΜΠΟΡΕΙ ΝΑ ΚΑΤΑΣΤΗΣΕΙ ΑΔΥΝΑΤΗ ΕΙΤΕ ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΩΣ ΔΥΣΧΕΡΗ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΚΛΗΣΗ ΚΟΙΛΙΑΚΗΣ ΜΑΡΜΑΡΥΓΗΣ, ΜΕΤΑ ΑΠΟ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗ ΣΥΝΕΧΟΥΣ ΡΕΥΜΑΤΟΣ, ΕΝΤΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΧΑΡΑΚΩΘΕΙΣΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΩΝ, ΕΝΩ ΕΞΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΙ ΝΑ ΠΡΟΚΑΛΕΙ ΚΟΙΛΙΑΚΗ ΜΑΡΜΑΡΥΓΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΜΗ ΠΕΡΙΧΑΡΑΚΩΘΕΙΣΑ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ. ΤΟ ΥΛΙΚΟ ΤΗΣ ΜΕΛΕΤΗΣ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΑΝ 16 ΝΑΡΚΩΜΕΝΟΙ ΣΚΥΛΟΙ. ΣΥΝΟΛΙΚΑ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΣΘΗΚΕ ΣΥΝΕΧΕΣ ΡΕΥΜΑ 114 ΦΟΡΕΣ ΣΤΗ ΜΗ ΠΕΡΙΧΑΡΑΚΩΘΕΙΣΑ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ ΚΑΙ ΕΙΧΕ ΩΣ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑ ΤΗΝ ΕΠΕΛΕΥΣΗ ΚΟΙΛΙΑΚΗΣ ΜΑΡΜΑΡΥΓΗΣ 86 ΦΟΡΕΣ (75,4%). ΤΟ ΠΟΣΟΣΤΟ ΑΥΤΟ ΗΤΑΝ 11,0% ΣΤΙΣ ΠΕΡΙΧΑΡΑΚΩΘΕΙΣΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ (P < 0,0005) ΕΙΝΑΙ ΠΑΛΑΙΑ ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΗΣΗ ΟΤΙ ΜΙΚΡΗ ΜΑΖΑ ΜΥΟΚΑΡΔΙΟΥ ΕΙΤΕ ΔΕΝ ΜΑΡΜΑΙΡΕΙ ΕΙΤΕ ΔΕΝ ΜΠΟΡΕΙ ΝΑ ΣΥΝΤΗΡΗΣΕΙ ΚΟΙΛΙΑΚΗ ΜΑΡΜΑΡΥΓΗ. ΦΑΝΗΚΕ ΟΤΙ Η ΜΗ ΠΡΟΚΛΗΣΗ Η Η ΜΕΙΩΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΕΩΣ ΚΟΙΛΙΑΚΗΣ ΜΑΡΜΑΡΥΓΗΣ, ΣΤΑ ΠΕΙΡΑΜΑΤΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣ, ΣΤΙΣ ΠΕΡΙΧΑΡΑΚΩΘΕΙΣΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ, ΕΙΧΕ ΩΣ ΠΙΘΑΝΟ ΥΠΟΚΕΙΜΕΝΟ ΜΗΧΑΝΙΣΜΟ ΤΗ ΜΙΚΡΗ ΜΑΖΑ ΜΥΟΚΑΡΔΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΟΧΙ ΤΗ ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΙΑ ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΜΟΥ ΕΞΟΔΟΥ, ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΟΥ ΟΤΙ ΒΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΟΥΜΕΝΟΙ ΠΑΛΜΟΙ ΜΕΣΑ ΣΤΙΣ ΠΕΡΙΧΑΡΑΚΩΘΕΙΣΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ ΜΠΟΡΟΥΣΑΝΝΑ ΑΧΘΟΥΝ ΣΤΟ ΥΠΟΛΟΙΠΟ ΜΥΟΚΑΡΔΙΟ

Development of a webGIS Application to Assess Conflicting Activities in the Framework of Marine Spatial Planning

Marine spatial planning (MSP) has been established as the appropriate policy framework to study and resolve conflicts that arise among various activities. A pre-requisite for the successful implementation of MSP is the availability of efficient tools to support decision-makers and enhance stakeholders&rsquo; engagement. In this paper, a webGIS application is proposed that is able to assess the intensity of conflicts among marine activities; the area of the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea was used as a case study. The webGIS application allows the visualization of existing activities, the delineation of conflicting activities, the detection of areas where multiple conflicts co-exist, and the delineation of areas of conflicts based on specific criteria. The webGIS application is available via a user-friendly interface as well as allowing interaction with users by providing them the opportunity to comment on the results and/or exchange ideas with other users of various groups; therefore, the participatory process, a creative stage in MSP, is further supported. The usefulness of such tools in coastal and marine planning and the decision-making process are further discussed