К составлению формализованной картотеки топонимов Свердловской области

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of incentives, in the form of toll reductions, introduced to entice commuters to use a toll expressway. Two market segments were targeted: everyday users, for whom the intended effect is to reduce peak-hour congestion by spreading entrances to expressways to off-peak hours, and low-frequency users, for whom the intended effect is to increase their expressway use over surface streets or public transit. To evaluate the effectiveness of toll reductions, an experiment was conducted on an expressway in Osaka, Japan, in which participants received a toll reduction at each expressway use. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks with toll discounts offered during the middle 4 weeks according to certain schedules. Data on the participants’ first trips of the day were collected over the 6-week period. Mixed logit models were developed to describe everyday users’ departure time choice and low-frequency users’ route choice, respectively, in accounting for preference heterogeneity across travelers. Simulation analyses were carried out with various policy options. The results underscore the significance of developing policy measures based on users’ time constraints and work-hour arrangements

Daily Activity and Multimodal Travel Planner: Phase 1 Report

Travel constitutes an integral part of our daily life. Only by traveling are we able to engage in a variety of activities at different locations. Since the extension of our movement is restricted by the amount of time that is available and the speed with which we can move, it is important that our travel be efficiently organized such that the time resource can be best utilized to engage in activities in an efficient manner. One approach to achieving this is to choose less congested and faster routes. The use of in-vehicle advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) for this purpose has been extensively discussed in the ITS literature.Little attention has been directed, on the other hand, to achieving the same goal by developing efficient travel itineraries. This becomes important when a traveler visits a number of places in a tour. Examples include a delivery truck driver who is supposed to deliver goods to multiple locations, or a tourist who wishes to visit a number of attraction spots. In these cases the traveler is interested in not only the best route connecting successive locations for visit, but also the best sequence of visiting the locations. The problem, however, is an extremely complex one to solve, whose solution may often be not obvious to the traveler. The objective of this project is to develop a tool that can assist the traveler in developing an efficient itinerary in which multiple locations can be visited with a minimal waste.Also in the scope of this project is the development of an information system that will aid the traveler in using public transit in a complex tour in which multiple locations are visited. Underlying this is the beliefs that the availability of information affects the decision to use public transit in important manners, and that people will make complex tours by public transit if they are shown that it is possible and convenient to do so.These considerations led to the conception of the “Travel Planner,” a computer software which assists the traveler by proposing to hider efficient itineraries for visiting multiple locations using alternative travel modes. Given the set of locations the traveler wishes to visit and the constraints associated with the visits, the Travel Planner develops alternative itineraries for the visits interactively with the traveler, or, the user. The planner presents alternative itineraries, and the user indicates the Planner which itinerary is more preferable. The planner in turn takes the feedback from the user and updates its objective function to better reflect the user’s preferences. This process is iterated until a satisfactory itinerary is found

A Time-Space Analysis of Urban Activities with Focus on the Relationship between ICT and Activity-Travel

Information and communications technology (ICT) has evolved substantially and impacted urban residents’ everyday life quite substantially in the past decade. The rapid spread of mobile telecommunications technologies has produced significant changes in relationships among communications, marketing and distribution, and transportation. As mobile technologies diminish time-space constraints that have governed telecommunication, they are prompting the emergence of new life styles with unprecedented ways in which urban space is consumed. The focus of this study is on how mobile telecommunication technologies have influenced daily activity and travel behaviors of urban residents. Temporal and spatial characteristics of their activity-travel patterns are empirically analyzed using activity diary data sets collected by the authors in the Kofu area of Japan. The survey is designed with the intent of capturing both patterns of movements in the urban area and patterns of activities that induced the movements. Questions regarding telecommunications activities are introduced into the activity-travel diary that had been developed by the authors to facilitate the acquisition of information on the occurrence and contents of telecommunications activities. The analytical framework of this study is formed by integrating urban residents’ time-space paths and virtual links representing telecommunications activities. Time-space paths are formed in a physical urban space while satisfying temporal and spatial constraints imposed by Hägerstrand’s prism. Conventional means of inter-individual communication (meeting, stationary telephones, mailed letters and telegrams) are all subject to certain constraints in the time-space domain. On the other hand, telecommunications activities by mobile technologies are not subjected to many of the constraints and can influence travel decisions more spontaneously than do conventional means of communication. Several hypotheses concerning ICT and activity patterns are postulated and empirically examined with the results of the diary surveys. Examples of the hypotheses are as follows. As the use of mobile telecommunications technologies increases, 1) the activity frequency tends to increase, 2) the spatial distribution of activities tends to spread out, that is, the action space tends to expand spatially, and 3) patterns of trip chaining tend to change themselves, with more stops incorporated into a home-based trip chain (i.e., a sequence of trips starting from and ending at home, through which a set of activity locations are visited). It is also hypothesized that 4) the way mobile technologies influence the individual’s activity-travel patterns varies by his personal characteristics, especially life cycle stage and life style. The Survey of Communication, Activity and Travel, denoted by “SCAT,” was conducted twice to form the database of this study. The first survey involved about 150 university students and data on weekly activity patterns and mobile telecommunication incidents were collected. The second survey addressed about 150 households (322 individuals) and activity diaries on two consecutive days and mobile telecommunication information were obtained. The first SCAT data are used to examine basic properties of ICT–activity-travel relationships of “heavy mobile-informed travelers” because students are certainly standing on the forefront of ICT use. On the other hand, the second SCAT data are used to analyze characteristics of joint activity engagement by household members as a result of ICT use among household members. Then, using both of the SCAT data sets, the hypotheses are examined and statistical evidence is presented. Finally, implications of the findings are summarized and directions are suggested for future research on ICT, activity and travel.

SHARING ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN KYOTO: KYOTO PUBLIC CAR SYSTEM

This paper describes a survey of the Kyoto Public Car System project, which is comprised of a shared fleet of electric vehicles using advanced fleet management systems on a rental basis. It started operation in December 2000 with 180 subscribers, five stations and 19 two-seaters. A simulation model was developed to represent the system and help design its configuration. A small number of frequent users accounted for most of the activity. High user satisfaction was recorded. In September 2001, membership was extended to non-residents of Kyoto. Users were also assessed fees to cover the costs of charging the vehicles after they used them. The system continued to be operated in the hope of striking the right balance between the need to raise revenues without pricing the cars higher than alternatives. Document type: Articl

A Time-Space Analysis of Urban Activities with Focus on the Relationship between ICT and Activity-Travel

Information and communications technology (ICT) has evolved substantially and impacted urban residents' everyday life quite substantially in the past decade. The rapid spread of mobile telecommunications technologies has produced significant changes in relationships among communications, marketing and distribution, and transportation. As mobile technologies diminish time-space constraints that have governed telecommunication, they are prompting the emergence of new life styles with unprecedented ways in which urban space is consumed. The focus of this study is on how mobile telecommunication technologies have influenced daily activity and travel behaviors of urban residents. Temporal and spatial characteristics of their activity-travel patterns are empirically analyzed using activity diary data sets collected by the authors in the Kofu area of Japan. The survey is designed with the intent of capturing both patterns of movements in the urban area and patterns of activities that induced the movements. Questions regarding telecommunications activities are introduced into the activity-travel diary that had been developed by the authors to facilitate the acquisition of information on the occurrence and contents of telecommunications activities. The analytical framework of this study is formed by integrating urban residents' time-space paths and virtual links representing telecommunications activities. Time-space paths are formed in a physical urban space while satisfying temporal and spatial constraints imposed by Hägerstrand's prism. Conventional means of inter-individual communication (meeting, stationary telephones, mailed letters and telegrams) are all subject to certain constraints in the time-space domain. On the other hand, telecommunications activities by mobile technologies are not subjected to many of the constraints and can influence travel decisions more spontaneously than do conventional means of communication. Several hypotheses concerning ICT and activity patterns are postulated and empirically examined with the results of the diary surveys. Examples of the hypotheses are as follows. As the use of mobile telecommunications technologies increases, 1) the activity frequency tends to increase, 2) the spatial distribution of activities tends to spread out, that is, the action space tends to expand spatially, and 3) patterns of trip chaining tend to change themselves, with more stops incorporated into a home-based trip chain (i.e., a sequence of trips starting from and ending at home, through which a set of activity locations are visited). It is also hypothesized that 4) the way mobile technologies influence the individual's activity-travel patterns varies by his personal characteristics, especially life cycle stage and life style. The Survey of Communication, Activity and Travel, denoted by "SCAT,” was conducted twice to form the database of this study. The first survey involved about 150 university students and data on weekly activity patterns and mobile telecommunication incidents were collected. The second survey addressed about 150 households (322 individuals) and activity diaries on two consecutive days and mobile telecommunication information were obtained. The first SCAT data are used to examine basic properties of ICT–activity-travel relationships of "heavy mobile-informed travelers” because students are certainly standing on the forefront of ICT use. On the other hand, the second SCAT data are used to analyze characteristics of joint activity engagement by household members as a result of ICT use among household members. Then, using both of the SCAT data sets, the hypotheses are examined and statistical evidence is presented. Finally, implications of the findings are summarized and directions are suggested for future research on ICT, activity and travel

A case of oncocytic papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the parotid gland—Pathological and molecular features of a rare tumor

AbstractWe present histological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of oncocytic papillary cystadenocarcinoma, a rare neoplasm of the salivary and parotid glands, in an 82-year-old Japanese man. The resected tumor was solid nodular mass with fibrous capsule. The tumor was composed of papillary proliferation of tall columnar cells with thin vascular cores. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was granular and eosinophilic. The tumor cells showed clear positive reaction for mitochondria and androgen receptor. GCDFP15 and HER2 were negative. Electron microscopy demonstrated numerous mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Ki-67 index was 30%. Most of the tumor cells were positive for TP53, and single nucleotide polymorphism was found at codon 151. The invasion into the lymphatic spaces and capsule was noted. Although recurrence and metastasis were not noted at one and a half years after the resection, the patient needs to be followed up under careful observation

Physicochemical Properties of the Mammalian Molecular Chaperone HSP60

The E. coli GroEL/GroES chaperonin complex acts as a folding cage by producing a bullet-like asymmetric complex, and GroEL exists as double rings regardless of the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Its mammalian chaperonin homolog, heat shock protein, HSP60, and co-chaperonin, HSP10, play an essential role in protein folding by capturing unfolded proteins in the HSP60/HSP10 complex. However, the structural transition in ATPase-dependent reaction cycle has remained unclear. We found nucleotide-dependent association and dissociation of the HSP60/HSP10 complex using various analytical techniques under near physiological conditions. Our results showed that HSP60 exist as a significant number of double-ring complexes (football- and bullet-type complexes) and a small number of single-ring complexes in the presence of ATP and HSP10. HSP10 binds to HSP60 in the presence of ATP, which increased the HSP60 double-ring formation. After ATP is hydrolyzed to Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), HSP60 released the HSP10 and the dissociation of the double-ring to single-rings occurred. These results indicated that HSP60/HSP10 undergoes an ATP-dependent transition between the single- and double-rings in their system that is highly distinctive from the GroEL/GroES system particularly in the manner of complex formation and the roles of ATP binding and hydrolysis in the reaction cycle