Peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour of the maxillary gingiva

BACKGROUND: Odontogenic tumors are lesions that are derived from remnants of the components of the developing tooth germ. The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor or calcifying odontogenic cyst is a benign cystic neoplasm of odontogenic origin that is characterized by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium and ghost cells. Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor may be centrally or peripherally located, and its ghost cells may exhibit calcification, as first described by Gorlin in 1962. Most peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors are located in the anterior gingiva of the mandible or maxilla. CASE PRESENTATION: Authors report a rare case of a peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor of the maxillary gingiva. A 39-year-old male patient presented with a fibrous mass on the attached buccal gingiva of the upper left cuspid teeth. It was 0.7-cm-diameter, painless and it was clinically diagnosed as a peripheral ossifying fibroma. After an excisional biopsy, the diagnosis was peripheric calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor. The patient was monitored for five years following the excision, and no recurrence was detected. CONCLUSIONS: All biopsy material must be sent for histological examination. If the histological examination of gingival lesions with innocuous appearance is not performed, the frequency of peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor and other peripheral odontogenic tumors may be underestimated

Necrotizing sialometaplasia as a cause of a non-ulcerated nodule in the hard palate: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign, self-limiting and rare inflammatory disease which, on clinical and histological examination, mimics malignant neoplasms.</p> <p>Case report</p> <p>We report the case of a healthy 25-year-old Caucasian woman with a three-week history of a painless lump on her hard palate. Oral examination revealed a nodule consisting of two lobules on the right side that measured 2.5 cm. Her mucosa was normal in color and a fluctuant area was detected in the posterior region upon palpation. Our patient was submitted to incisional biopsy and histopathological examination. The histological diagnosis was necrotizing sialometaplasia. The lesion had healed spontaneously after 30 days, with observed signs of involution of the nodule.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Histopathological examination is necessary for the diagnosis of necrotizing sialometaplasia because the clinical features of this condition can mimic other diseases, particularly malignant neoplasms.</p

Incontinentia pigmenti presenting as hypodontia in a 3-year-old girl: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Incontinentia pigmenti or Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant disease that mainly affects the skin, eyes, hair, central nervous system and teeth. The disease is predominant among women. Although dermatologic manifestations are among the most important aspects for the diagnosis of the syndrome, they are less damaging to the patient and do not require treatment. However, oral involvement characterized by hypodontia of deciduous and permanent teeth is important for the diagnosis and treatment of the patient.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 3-year-old girl with ophthalmologic and neurologic disturbances, cutaneous manifestations and hypodontia. Since the patient did not present more damaging manifestations such as neurologic and/or ophthalmologic problems, her most severe complications were related to dental anomalies. The importance of integrated dental treatment, which combines pediatric dentistry, orthodontics and conventional prosthesis, is emphasized.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Hypodontia is a frequent finding in incontinentia pigmenti, and dentists should be aware of this condition in order to help with the diagnosis.</p

Estudo imunoistoquímico da proteína inibidora de apoptose, survivina no processo de carcinogênese quimicamente induzida pela 4NQO (4-nitroquinolina 1-óxido) em mucosa lingual de ratos Wistar

A carcinogênese em mucosa lingual de rato induzida pela 4-nitroquinolina 1-óxido (4NQO) é um modelo interessante para o estudo da evolução do carcinoma epidermóide fase por fase. Considerando-se que a apoptose tem um papel importante na carcinogênese, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a expressão da survivina, membro da família das proteínas inibidoras de apoptose, através da imunoistoquímica, durante o ensaio de carcinogênese lingual induzida pela 4NQO. Ratos Wistar do sexo masculino foram divididos em três grupos de 10 animais cada e tratados com 50 ppm de 4NQO na água de beber durante quatro, 12 e 20 semanas. Um total de 10 animais foi utilizado como controle negativo. Embora não tenha sido observada alteração histopatológica após 4 semanas de exposição ao carcinógeno, detectou-se survivina no citoplasma das células das camadas granulares e superficiais do epitélio. Nas lesões com atipias após 12 semanas de exposição ao carcinógeno, observou-se survivina citoplasmática apenas na camada superficial do epitélio. Nos carcinomas epidermóides bem diferenciados induzidos após 20 semanas de tratamento com a 4NQO, detectou-se a expressão de survivina citoplasmática nas células adjacentes as pérolas córneas. Não houve imunorreatividade no grupo controle negativo. Diante destes achados, os resultados sugerem que a expressão da survivina citoplasmática é um evento inicial durante a carcinogênese lingual de ratos induzida pela 4NQO, e pode ser uma ferramenta interessante para a identificação de lesões com grande risco de progredir para carcinoma epidermóide das estruturas de revestimento bucal.4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis is a useful model for studying the development of squamous cell carcinoma phase by phase. Taking into consideration apoptosis plays an important role in tumorigenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate the expressivity of survivin, a member of the inhibitor apoptotic protein family, during tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4NQO through immunohistochemistry. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of 10 animals each and treated with 50 ppm 4NQO by drinking water for four, 12 or 20 weeks. A total of ten animals were used as negative control. Although no histological changes were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeds of carcinogen exposure, survivin was detected in the cytoplasm within granular and superficial layers. In dysplastic lesions with 12 weeks of carcinogen exposure, cytoplasmic survivin was evidenced in the superficial layer of epithelium only. In well-differetiated squamous cell carcinoma induced after 20 weeks of treatment with 4NQO, cytoplasmic survivin was expressed in some cells adjacent to keratin pearls. No immunoreativity was detected in the negative control group. Taken together, our results suggest that expression of cytoplasmic/nuclear survivin is an early event during 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis and may provide a useful toll for the identification of lesions at higher risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinoma.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Estudo imunoistoquímico da proteína inibidora de apoptose, survivina no processo de carcinogênese quimicamente induzida pela 4NQO (4-nitroquinolina 1-óxido) em mucosa lingual de ratos Wistar

A carcinogênese em mucosa lingual de rato induzida pela 4-nitroquinolina 1-óxido (4NQO) é um modelo interessante para o estudo da evolução do carcinoma epidermóide fase por fase. Considerando-se que a apoptose tem um papel importante na carcinogênese, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a expressão da survivina, membro da família das proteínas inibidoras de apoptose, através da imunoistoquímica, durante o ensaio de carcinogênese lingual induzida pela 4NQO. Ratos Wistar do sexo masculino foram divididos em três grupos de 10 animais cada e tratados com 50 ppm de 4NQO na água de beber durante quatro, 12 e 20 semanas. Um total de 10 animais foi utilizado como controle negativo. Embora não tenha sido observada alteração histopatológica após 4 semanas de exposição ao carcinógeno, detectou-se survivina no citoplasma das células das camadas granulares e superficiais do epitélio. Nas lesões com atipias após 12 semanas de exposição ao carcinógeno, observou-se survivina citoplasmática apenas na camada superficial do epitélio. Nos carcinomas epidermóides bem diferenciados induzidos após 20 semanas de tratamento com a 4NQO, detectou-se a expressão de survivina citoplasmática nas células adjacentes as pérolas córneas. Não houve imunorreatividade no grupo controle negativo. Diante destes achados, os resultados sugerem que a expressão da survivina citoplasmática é um evento inicial durante a carcinogênese lingual de ratos induzida pela 4NQO, e pode ser uma ferramenta interessante para a identificação de lesões com grande risco de progredir para carcinoma epidermóide das estruturas de revestimento bucal.4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis is a useful model for studying the development of squamous cell carcinoma phase by phase. Taking into consideration apoptosis plays an important role in tumorigenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate the expressivity of survivin, a member of the inhibitor apoptotic protein family, during tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4NQO through immunohistochemistry. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of 10 animals each and treated with 50 ppm 4NQO by drinking water for four, 12 or 20 weeks. A total of ten animals were used as negative control. Although no histological changes were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeds of carcinogen exposure, survivin was detected in the cytoplasm within granular and superficial layers. In dysplastic lesions with 12 weeks of carcinogen exposure, cytoplasmic survivin was evidenced in the superficial layer of epithelium only. In well-differetiated squamous cell carcinoma induced after 20 weeks of treatment with 4NQO, cytoplasmic survivin was expressed in some cells adjacent to keratin pearls. No immunoreativity was detected in the negative control group. Taken together, our results suggest that expression of cytoplasmic/nuclear survivin is an early event during 4NQO-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis and may provide a useful toll for the identification of lesions at higher risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinoma.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Sporotrichosis in an HIV-positive man with oral lesions: A case report

Background: Sporotrichosis is a granulomatous fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, which frequently causes cutaneous or lymphocutaneous lesions and rarely has oral manifestations. Case: A 38-year-old, white, HIV-positive man complained of a 5.0-cm, symptomatic, ulcerated lesion with thin, superficial granulation in the soft palate extending to the uvula. Exfoliative cytology of this oral lesion showed chronic granulomatous inflammatory alterations and extracellular fungal structures consisting of periodic acid-Schiff-positive budding cells and spherical or elongated (cigar bodies) free spore forms. Conclusion: The clinical and cytologic findings allowed the diagnosis of sporotrichosis, demonstrating the importance of cytodiagnosis in fungal diseases. © The International Academy of Cytology

Elastic band causing exfoliation of the upper permanent central incisors

Objective. This study reports a case in which elastic band use culminated in the loss of the incisors. Case Report. An 11-year-old white girl was seen complaining of pain, with purulent discharge and severe tooth mobility. The bone destruction detected radiographically in the region, despite its single location and absence in posterior quadrants of the maxilla and/or mandible, was similar to that observed in Langerhans cell disease. To our surprise, an elastic band involving the midportion of the roots of the two upper central incisors was found during biopsy. The debris was removed and a metal wire was placed in permanent maxillary right and left incisors. The patient was followed up, but no improvement in tooth mobility was observed. Bone loss increased, and internal resorption and root exposure occurred, which culminated in the extraction of permanent maxillary right and left incisors. Conclusion. The present case highlights the fact that professionals sometimes are confronted by anamnestic reports never seen before

Denosumab Related Osteonecrosis of Jaw: a Case Report

Background: This case report shows an affected postmenopausal patient with medicaments related osteonecrosis of the jaw injury associated with increased use of bisphosphonates and Prolia® (denosumab) for the treatment of osteoporosis. The mechanism of action of the receptor activates the denosumab of the nuclear-kB factor binding and makes nuclear-kB Factor, reducing bone volume and reabsorption in the trabecular and cortical bones and, consequently, decreasing an incidence of fractures and maintaining a bone formation. The bone physiology regulated by the hormones calcitonin, parathormone and vitamin D also undergoes interference. Methods: The injury was located around a dental implant in region #24 and #25 and the patient complained of pain, bleeding, oedema, and halitosis for more than two months, that the dental implant had been installed five years before. According to the clinical findings, the patient presented the exposed and necrotic bone in the region of #24 and #25 and with the radiographs found, it was observed as extensive bone destruction adjacent to the dental implant. Results: Patient was referred to the maxillofacial surgeon that performed the removal of bone sequestration and dental implant in the region affected. After that, the patient has been accompanied for a year. Conclusions: Patients taking medications for osteoporosis or cancer need to receive special attention from the dentist. Invasive procedures on the jaw bone of patients taking these medications may cause osteonecrosis of the jaw. When diagnosed, osteonecrosis of the jaw should be treated surgically in conjunction with antibiotic therapy and patients should be monitored