Anomalous Quasiparticle Reflection from the Surface of a 3^3He-4^4He Dilute Solution

A free surface of a dilute $^3$He-$^4$He liquid mixture is a unique system where two Fermi liquids with distinct dimensions coexist: a three-dimensional (3D) $^3$He Fermi liquid in bulk and a two-dimensional (2D) $^3$He Fermi liquid at the surface. To investigate a novel effect generated by the interaction between the two Fermi liquids, mobility of a Wigner crystal of electrons formed on the free surface of the mixture is studied. An anomalous enhancement of the mobility, compared with the case where the 3D and 2D systems do not interact with each other, is observed. The enhancement is explained by non-trivial reflection of 3D quasiparticles from the surface covered with the 2D $^3$He system

Electric Field of a Medium Voltage Indoor Post Insulator

This chapter deals with the influence of the electric field on a Medium Voltage Indoor Post Insulator (MVIPI) with standard and modified external shapes. The goal of this chapter is to show the electric field behavior of the MVIPI with different external shapes and to introduce a numerical model with a favorable distribution of the electric field that relieves the dielectric from stress. The chapter describes an MVIPI with nominal voltage 20 kV AC and shows an existing MVIPI, an MVIPI with a different number of ribs, and an MVIPI with exceptional external shape. The MVIPI’s new external shape does not have the typical shape of the ribs, but a new outline, using the Lagrange polynomial, that will acquire its optimal form through the optimization process. A Differential Evolution optimization algorithm is used for the optimal design of the insulator’s external shape. The value of the Electric Field Strength (EFS) will be minimized within the permissible bounds during the optimization process. The important parameters during the minimization of the objective function are the value of the EFS in the interior and exterior of the insulator. EFS values are shown for every MVIPI example and are compared with the existing MVIPI. The obtained results are analyzed and discussed

Physically Active Breaks in the Teaching Process: Impact on the Pupils’ Educational Achievements

The aim of this research is to study the impact of physically active breaks, accompanied by video materials, on the level of pupils’ educational achievement and their attitudes toward physically active breaks during the teaching process in the classroom. The research lasted for two months, and the apposite sample consisted of a total of 38 pupils aged 10 to 11. The influence of physically active breaks on the educational achievement was estimated by the percentage of correct answers in the tasks of mathematics, while the Croatian version of the questionnaire Attitudes towards the Physical Activity Scale (APAS) was used for evaluating the attitudes toward physically active breaks with video materials. Differ ences between the initial and final measuring inside the same group were tested by the Student’s dependent sample t-test, while for differences between the experimental and control group the Student’s independent sample t-test was used. The obtained results showed that the ability to solve mathematical tasks in the experimental group has significantly improved when compared to the control one and that physically active breaks have a positive influence on the pupils’ attitudes toward physical activity. The implementation of physically active breaks into teaching has an impact on pupils’ productivity in the educational process, while at the same time their need for movement is fulfilled

Enzymatic digestion of paper industry waste sludge

Primarni cilj magistrskega dela je bila študija možnosti koristne uporabe odpadnega mulja obstoječe papirnice. Ta material med drugim vsebuje tudi celulozo, za katero je znano, da ob ustrezni predobdelavi hidrolizira najprej do enostavnih sladkorjev, ti pa v naslednjem koraku fermentirajo do bioetanola. Hidrolizo celuloze smo izvajali ob prisotnosti specifičnega encima celulaze in iskali optimalne pogoje za njen najučinkovitejši potek. Reakcije alkoholne fermentacije v okviru tega dela nismo izvajali, saj so predhodne raziskave pokazale, da gre za dokaj enostavno reakcijo s 100-odstotnim izkoristkom. Za izvajanje reakcije hidrolize smo uporabljali šaržni reaktorski sistem EasyMax 102. Sistem je bil izbran zaradi njegove enostavne uporabe, avtomatizacije, natančnosti in majhnih reaktorskih volumnov. Vse te lastnosti sistema smo ob eksperimentalnem delu dodatno potrdili. Pri encimski hidrolizi smo zaradi majhnega izkoristka reakcije odpadni mulj predhodno obdelali z različnimi tehnikami predobdelave. Uporabili smo mletje, kislinsko predobdelavo z orto – fosforjevo kislino, alkalno hidrolizo z NaOH in oksidacijo s H2O2. S temi tehnikami smo spreminjali kristalinično strukturo celuloze na več amorfnih področjih. Z eksperimentalnim delom smo določili in potrdili optimalne reakcijske pogoje encimske hidrolize odpadnega mulja (volumen encima, pH raztopine, čas reakcije in vrsto topila). Kot optimalno tehniko predobdelave smo izbrali kislinsko predobdelavo z orto – fosforjevo kislino. Pri tej je teoretično izračunana dnevna količina bioetanola znašala za bolj razredčeno raztopino ( = 1 g/L) 316 kg in za manj razredčeno raztopino ( = 3,5 g/L) 151 kg.The primary goal of the master\u27s work was the study of possible re-use of waste sludge from the paper mill. This material also includes cellulose, for which it is known than if properly treated it can hydrolyze into simple sugars, which in the next step ferment to bioethanol. We performed the hydrolysis of cellulose with a specific enzyme celullase and searched for optimal reaction conditions. Alcohol fermentation was not carried out, since previous research shows it is a fairly simple reaction with 100 % efficiency. For implementation of hydrolysis reaction we have used batch reactor system EasyMax 102. It was selected because of its ease of use, automation, precision and small reactor volume. All these preferences of the system were confirmed during experiments and were used accordingly. Due to small yield of reaction, the waste sludge was pretreated with different preatretment technics. We used grinding of the material, pretreatment with ortho – phosphoric acid, alkaline hydrolysis with NaOH and oxidation with H2O2. With these technics we changed the crystalline structure of cellulose to different amorfic areas. With this experimental work we have determined and confirmed optimal reaction conditions of enzyme hydrolysis of cellulose from the waste sludge (volume of enzyme, pH of the solution, reaction time and solvent type). As optimal pretreatment technic we chose pretreatment with ortho – phosphoric acid. The theoretical calculated daily value of bioethanol was 316 kg for the case of more diluted solution ( = 1 g/L) and 151 kg for the case of less diluted solution ( = 3,5 g/L)

Evaluation of physically active breaks with modern technology in primary education

Ovo istraživanje imalo je dva cilja; prvi je bio utvrditi utjecaj tjelesno aktivnih pauza uz video materijale tijekom nastave u učionici na razinu obrazovnih postignuća učenika, a drugi utvrditi stavove učenika prema tjelesno aktivnim pauzama uz video materijale tijekom nastave. Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 19 učenika u eksperimentalnoj skupini i 19 učenika u kontrolnoj skupini, ukupno 38 učenika dva treća razreda Osnovne škole „Vežica“ u Rijeci. Varijable koje su se ispitivale su utjecaj tjelesno aktivnih pauza na obrazovno postignuće učenika i procjena stavova prema tjelesno aktivnim pauzama uz video materijale. Eksperimentalna je skupina u periodu od 2 mjeseca na satovima Matematike između 20. i 25. minute izvodila tjelovježbene aktivnosti u trajanju od 3 do 5 minuta, a prije početka intervencije obje su skupine rješavale standardizirani test iz Matematike. Na kraju intervencije oba su razreda rješavala ponovo standardizirani ispit znanja, a eksperimentalna je skupina ispunjavala upitnik za procjenu stavova prema tjelesnoj aktivnosti. Razlike između inicijalnog i finalnog mjerenja unutar iste grupe testirane su Studentovim t-testom za zavisne uzorke, dok se za razlike između eksperimentalne i kontrolne skupine koristio Studentov t-test za nezavisne uzorke. Rezultati su pokazali da tjelesno aktivne pauze značajno utječu na razinu obrazovnih postignuća učenika jer ujednačuju njihova znanja. Također, utječu na stavove učenika, kao i na njihovu kvalitetu života te ujedno doprinose integraciji različitih znanja koja su stekli primjenom video materijala. Učenici su naučili o važnosti zdravog načina života i kulturi, postali su samostalniji i sigurniji u izvođenju aktivnosti, ali su njihovi ostali odgovori ukazali na moguću potrebu za izradom još kvalitetnijih videozapisa. Istraživanje je dokazalo kako je tjelesno aktivnim pauzama uz primjenu video materijala mjesto u nastavi te da bi trebale biti neizostavni dio iste. Činjenice da obogaćuju znanje, stvaraju navike zdravijeg života i osamostaljuju učenike trebaju nam biti poticaj da tjelesno aktivne pauze implementiramo u svaki nastavni sat te na taj način doprinosimo učeničkom rastu i razvoju kako u tjelesnom tako i kognitivnom smislu.The purpose of this study was twofold; to determine the influence of physically active breaks with video materials during classroom teaching on the students' educational outcomes and to determine the influence of active breaks with video materials on students' attitudes towards physical activity. The study sample was comprised of 38 students from two 3rd grades from primary school Vežica in Rijeka of which 19 students were in experimental group and 19 students were in control group. Variables measured were the influence of physically active breaks on students' academic accomplishments and attitude towards physically active breaks with video materials. Experimental group spent 2 months doing 3-5 min of physical exercise in Math classes between 20th and 25th minute of the class. Before intervention both groups did a standardized Math exam. After the intervention they did another standardized math test, and experimental group additionally filled a questionnaire about their opinions about physical activity. Differences between initial and final measurements in the same group were tested by Student’s Dependent T-test while differences between experimental and control group were tested with Student’s Independent T-test. Results showed that the physically active breaks greatly affect the level of educational achievements of the students, as they equate their knowledge. They also affect students' attitudes as well as their quality of life and at the same time contribute to the integration of different knowledge acquired through the use of video materials. Students learned about the importance of a healthy lifestyle and culture, became more independent and more secure in carrying out their physical activities, while the rest of feedback pointed towards a need for higher-quality video materials. This study showed that physically active breaks with video materials deserve a place in classes and that they should be a part of it. The fact that physically active breaks enrich knowledge, create the habits of healthier life and enhance students independence should be an incentive for us to implement them in each lesson, thus contributing to the student's growth and development both physically and cognitively

THE USE OF DIALECTS AMONG PUPILS OF THE PRIMARY SCHOOL LAST TRIENNIUM

Učenci pridejo v osnovno šolo z znanjem pogovorne ali narečne zvrsti jezika, knjižnega jezika pa se morajo v šoli šele naučiti. Učitelj učencev ne sme zastrašiti s svojim učnim ravnanjem. V njih ne sme vzbujati vtisa, da je njihovo dotedanje znanje neuporabno in da se morajo vsega naučiti v šoli. H knjižnemu jeziku mora preiti tako, da v nižjih razredih dopušča tudi narečje kot sredstvo sporazumevanja. Zelo pomembno je, da učitelj upošteva didaktično načelo naslonitve knjižnega jezika na vsakdanji govor učencev. Narečje svojih učencev mora zato dobro poznati in ga spoštovati. Sprejemati mora jezikovne različice svojih učencev, do njih mora biti strpen, vendar jih mora opozarjati na druge možne različice. Učence mora postopoma navaditi na različne načine govorjenja glede na okoliščine sporočanja. Narečja so zastopana tudi v učnem načrtu za slovenščino za osnovnošolsko izobraževanje. V ciljih se narečje pojavlja kot izhodišče za usvajanje knjižnega jezika, učenec loči med knjižnim in neknjižnim jezikom in se hkrati zaveda, v kakšnih okoliščinah je raba prvega ali drugega ustreznejša. Učenec spoznava narečje tudi kot socialno zvrst. V učnem načrtu je upoštevano načelo naslonitve knjižnega jezika na vsakdanji govor učencev. Raba narečij med učenci zadnjega triletja osnovne šole je raziskana na Osnovni šoli Destrnik, kjer se govori prleško narečje, in na Osnovni šoli Sveta Trojica, kjer je v rabi slovenskogoriško narečje. Obe narečji sta v diplomskem delu tudi obravnavani.Pupils begin primary school with knowledge of colloquial or dialectic language, while the literary language is learned afterwards. Teacher must not frighten pupils with his/her teaching methods. Pupils must not get an impression that their previous knowledge is useless and that all the new knowledge must be obtained from school. The pass over to the literary language should be gradual and the teacher must allow pupils to use dialects as a way to communicate. It is very important to respect the didactical principle to lean the literary language to the everyday language of pupils. Teacher must be familiar with his/her pupils\u27 dialects and respect them. It means that teacher should accept language varieties and be tolerant. But, he/she also needs to direct them to the other possible language varieties. Pupils should be accustomed to the different ways of expressing themselves according to the different ways of communication. Slovenian language teaching plan for primary school education includes dialects as well. Goals contain dialects as an origin for further accepting of the literary language. A pupil becomes aware of the difference between literary language and dialects and knows which one is more appropriate in regards to the surroundings. Dialects also become a social issue. Teaching plan includes the didactical principle to lean the literary language to the everyday language of pupils. The use of dialects among the pupils of the primary school last triennium has been researched in Destrnik Primary School and Sveta Trojica Primary School. The first one is famous for Prlek dialect and the second one for Slovenske gorice dialect. The both dialects are discussed in diploma thesis

IT SUPPORT FOR EXTREME SPORTS

V diplomskem delu bomo najprej predstavili pojem ekstremen šport ter informacijsko podporo zanj. Nato bomo raziskali obstoječe rešitve na tem področju, ter jih opisali in primerjali med seboj. Na koncu bomo razvili lastno mobilno aplikacijo ter jo predstavili.In our thesis, we will firstly present the term "extreme sports" and information support for it. Later we will do some research for existing solutions and do a description and comparison between them. At the end we are planning to develop our own mobile application that will be presented