4,195 research outputs found
Entropy Change through Rayleigh-B\'enard Convective Transition with Rigid Boundaries
The previous investigation on Rayleigh-B\'enard convection of a dilute
classical gas [T. Kita: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. {\bf 75} (2006) 124005] is extended
to calculate entropy change of the convective transition with the rigid
boundaries. We obtain results qualitatively similar to those of the stress-free
boundaries. Above the critical Rayleigh number, the roll convection is realized
among possible steady states with periodic structures, carrying the highest
entropy as a function of macroscopic mechanical variables.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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Gesture and speech integration: an exploratory study of a man with aphasia
Background: In order to fully comprehend a speakerâs intention in everyday communication, we integrate information from multiple sources including gesture and speech. There are no published studies that have explored the impact of aphasia on iconic co-speech gesture and speech integration.
Aims: To explore the impact of aphasia on co-speech gesture and speech integration in one participant with aphasia (SR) and 20 age-matched control participants.
Methods & Procedures: SR and 20 control participants watched video vignettes of people producing 21 verb phrases in 3 different conditions, verbal only (V), gesture only (G) and verbal gesture combined (VG). Participants were required to select a corresponding picture from one of four alternatives: integration target, a verbal only match, a gesture only match, and an unrelated foil. The probability of choosing the integration target in the VG that goes beyond what is expected from the probabilities of choosing the integration target in V and G was referred to as multi-modal gain(MMG).
Outcomes & Results: SR obtained a significantly lower multi-modal gain score than the control participants (p<0.05). Error analysis indicated that in speech and gesture integration tasks, SR relied on gesture in order to decode the message, whereas the control participants relied on speech in order to decode the message. Further analysis
of the speech only and gesture only tasks indicated SR had intact gesture comprehension but impaired spoken word comprehension.
Conclusions & Implications: The results confirm findings by Records (1994) which reported that impaired verbal comprehension leads to a greater reliance on gesture to
decode messages. Moreover, multi-modal integration of information from speech and iconic gesture can be impaired in aphasia. The findings highlight the need for further exploration of the impact of aphasia on gesture and speech integration
Nonbipartite Dulmage-Mendelsohn Decomposition for Berge Duality
The Dulmage-Mendelsohn decomposition is a classical canonical decomposition
in matching theory applicable for bipartite graphs, and is famous not only for
its application in the field of matrix computation, but also for providing a
prototypal structure in matroidal optimization theory. The Dulmage-Mendelsohn
decomposition is stated and proved using the two color classes, and therefore
generalizing this decomposition for nonbipartite graphs has been a difficult
task. In this paper, we obtain a new canonical decomposition that is a
generalization of the Dulmage-Mendelsohn decomposition for arbitrary graphs,
using a recently introduced tool in matching theory, the basilica
decomposition. Our result enables us to understand all known canonical
decompositions in a unified way. Furthermore, we apply our result to derive a
new theorem regarding barriers. The duality theorem for the maximum matching
problem is the celebrated Berge formula, in which dual optimizers are known as
barriers. Several results regarding maximal barriers have been derived by known
canonical decompositions, however no characterization has been known for
general graphs. In this paper, we provide a characterization of the family of
maximal barriers in general graphs, in which the known results are developed
and unified
Enter/exit animation for linguistic elicitation
This task investigates the expression of âenterâ and âexitâ events, and is a supplement to the Motion Elicitation task (https://doi.org/10.17617/2.3003391). Consultants are asked to describe a series of animated clips where a man moves into or out of a house. The clips focus on contrasts to do with perspective (e.g., whether the man appears to move away or towards the viewer) and transitional movement (e.g., whether the man walks or âteleportsâ into his new location)
Locally-anchored narrative
As for 'Locally-anchored spatial gestures task, version 2', a major goal of this task is to elicit locally-anchored spatial gestures across different cultures. âLocally-anchored spatial gesturesâ are gestures that are roughly oriented to the actual geographical direction of referents. Rather than set up an interview situation, this task involves recording informal, animated narrative delivered to a native-speaker interlocutor. Locally-anchored gestures produced in such narrative are roughly comparable to those collected in the interview task. The data collected can also be used to investigate a wide range of other topics
Gap Anisotropy and de Haas-van Alphen Effect in Type-II Superconductors
We present a theoretical study on the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillation
in the vortex state of type-II superconductors, with a special focus on the
connection between the gap anisotropy and the oscillation damping. Numerical
calculations for three different gap structures clearly indicate that the
average gap along extremal orbits is relevant for the magnitude of the extra
damping, thereby providing a support for experimental efforts to probe gap
anisotropy through the dHvA signal. We also derive an analytic formula for the
extra damping which gives a good fit to the numerical results.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, changes in Introductio
Hypertension, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and Na+, K+-ATPase
Hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, or end-stage renal failure. The critical importance of excess salt intake in the pathogenesis of hypertension is widely recognized, but the mechanisms whereby salt intake elevates blood pressure have puzzled researchers. Recent studies using Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitors and genetically engineered mice provide evidence that vascular Na+/Ca2+ exchanger type 1 (NCX1) is involved in the development of salt-dependent hypertension. Endogenous cardiac glycosides, which may contribute to salt-dependent hypertension, seem to be necessary for NCX1-mediated hypertension. Intriguingly, studies using knock-in mice with modified cardiac glycoside binding affinity of Na+,K+-ATPases provide a clear demonstration that this cardiac glycoside-binding site plays an important role in blood pressure regulation. Taken all together: (1) endogenous cardiac glycosides are secreted after high salt intake; (2) these cardiac glycosides inhibit Na+,K+-ATPase in vascular smooth muscle cells; (3) this inhibition results in the elevation of local Na+ on the submembrane area; and (4) this elevation of local Na+ facilitates Ca2+ entry through NCX1, resulting in vasoconstriction. This proposed pathway may have enabled us to explain how to link dietary salt to hypertension
Demonstratives in context: Comparative handicrafts
Demonstratives (e.g., words such as this and that in English) pivot on relationships between the item being talked about, and features of the speech act situation (e.g., where the speaker and addressee are standing or looking). However, they are only rarely investigated multi-modally, in natural language contexts. This task is designed to build a video corpus of cross-linguistically comparable discourse data for the study of âdeixis in actionâ, while simultaneously supporting the investigation of joint attention as a factor in speaker selection of demonstratives. In the task, two or more speakers are asked to discuss and evaluate a group of similar items (e.g., examples of local handicrafts, tools, produce) that are placed within a relatively defined space (e.g., on a table). The task can additionally provide material for comparison of pointing gesture practices
Theory of Flux-Flow Resistivity near for s-wave Type-II Superconductors
This paper presents a microscopic calculation of the flux-flow resistivity
for s-wave type-II superconductors with arbitrary impurity
concentrations near the upper critical field . It is found that, as the
mean free path becomes longer, increases gradually from the
dirty-limit result of Thompson [Phys. Rev. B{\bf 1}, 327 (1970)] and Takayama
and Ebisawa [Prog. Theor. Phys. {\bf 44}, 1450 (1970)]. The limiting behaviors
suggest that at low temperatures may change from convex downward
to upward as increases, thus deviating substantially from the linear
dependence predicted by the Bardeen-Stephen theory
[Phys. Rev. {\bf 140}, A1197 (1965)]
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