COMBINED TREATMENT OF BRONCHOOBSTRUCTIVE DISEASES

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IMMUNOLOGIC CHANGES OF PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AFTER TUBERCULIN PROVOCATION

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS IN EARLY FORMS OF CHRONIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE

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FLOWCYTOMETRIC STUDIES OF CELL IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH URAEMIA ON PERIODIC HAEMODIALYSIS AND AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

The course of a series of kidney diseases is characterized by impaired immunity additionally altered during haemodialysis and after renal transplantation. The study covered 50 patients divided into three groups: 16 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), 23 ones on periodic haemodialysis (PHD), and 11 after renal transplantation. Flowcytometric immunophenotyping by means of FACS-analysis using monoclonal antibodies was carried out. The investigation aimed at revealing the changes in the cell immunity, activation of surface markers and adhesion molecules in these patients. Statistically significant changes in the expression of 1С AM-1 adhesion molecules were established as followed: CD54+/ CD4+ = 24,8 ± 11,6 (in CRF) against 14,9 ±8,1 (in PHD) atp < 0,05 and CD54+/CD8+ = 17 ± 6,9 (in CRF) against 10,3 ± 4,8 (in PHD) at p < 0,05. A conclusion was drawn that immune response damage in PHD patients resulted mainly from the lowered expression of the adhesion molecules of the ICAM-1 immunoglobulin gene superfamily

BLADDER CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY

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LOCALIZATION OF PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM - AN IMPORTANT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR

The prognosis of pulmonary thromboembolism is a serious challenge for the clinicians. A total of 967 patients with pulmonary thromboembolism, 511 males and 456 females at a mean age of 60,1 ±13,7 years were analyzed. A special protocol consisting of 52 parameters was used to define their prognostic value. A non-invasive diagnostic algorithm based on symptoms, ECG, pulmonary roentgenography, perfusion scintigraphy, spiral scan, pulmoangiography, or on autopsy was applied. A prognostic index was elaborated by means of multifactorial analysis of the parameters of prognostic significance concerning the risk of lethal outcome. The localization of the pulmonary thromboembolism as determined by using spiral C T can effectively be used for patients' risk stratification

Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review

To estimate COVID-19 infections and deaths in healthcare workers (HCWs) from a global perspective during the early phases of the pandemic. Systematic review. Two parallel searches of academic bibliographic databases and grey literature were undertaken until 8 May 2020. Governments were also contacted for further information where possible. There were no restrictions on language, information sources used, publication status and types of sources of evidence. The AACODS checklist or the National Institutes of Health study quality assessment tools were used to appraise each source of evidence. Publication characteristics, country-specific data points, COVID-19-specific data, demographics of affected HCWs and public health measures employed. A total of 152 888 infections and 1413 deaths were reported. Infections were mainly in women (71.6%, n=14 058) and nurses (38.6%, n=10 706), but deaths were mainly in men (70.8%, n=550) and doctors (51.4%, n=525). Limited data suggested that general practitioners and mental health nurses were the highest risk specialities for deaths. There were 37.2 deaths reported per 100 infections for HCWs aged over 70 years. Europe had the highest absolute numbers of reported infections (119 628) and deaths (712), but the Eastern Mediterranean region had the highest number of reported deaths per 100 infections (5.7). COVID-19 infections and deaths among HCWs follow that of the general population around the world. The reasons for gender and specialty differences require further exploration, as do the low rates reported in Africa and India. Although physicians working in certain specialities may be considered high risk due to exposure to oronasal secretions, the risk to other specialities must not be underestimated. Elderly HCWs may require assigning to less risky settings such as telemedicine or administrative positions. Our pragmatic approach provides general trends, and highlights the need for universal guidelines for testing and reporting of infections in HCWs