Collider, direct and indirect detection of supersymmetric dark matter

We present an overview of supersymmetry searches, both at collider experiments and via searches for dark matter (DM). We focus on three DM possibilities in the SUSY context: the thermally produced neutralino, a mixture of axion and axino, and the gravitino, and compare and contrast signals that may be expected at colliders, in direct detection (DD) experiments searching of DM relics left over from the Big Bang, and indirect detection (ID) experiments designed to detect the products of DM annihilations within the solar interior or galactic halo. Detection of DM particles using multiple strategies provides complementary information that may shed light on the new physics associated with the dark matter sector. In contrast to the mSUGRA model where the measured cold DM relic density restricts us to special regions mostly on the edge of the m_0-m_{1/2} plane, the entire parameter plane becomes allowed if the universality assumption is relaxed in models with just one additional parameter. Then, thermally produced neutralinos with a well-tempered mix of wino, bino and higgsino components, or with a mass adjusted so that their annihilation in the early universe is Higgs-resonance-enhanced, can be the DM. Well-tempered neutralinos typically yield heightened rates for DD and ID experiments compared to generic predictions from minimal supergravity. If instead DM consists of axinos (possibly together with axions) or gravitinos, then there exists the possibility of detection of quasi-stable next-to-lightest SUSY particles at colliding beam experiments, with especially striking consequences if the NLSP is charged, but no DD or ID detection. The exception for mixed axion/axino DM is that DD of axions may be possible.Comment: 28 pages, 11 eps figures; invited contribution to NJP Focus Issue on "Dark Matter and Particle Physics

Simultaneous milled CAD/CAM frameworks for implant borne hybrid prosthesis

The prosthetic restoration on implants for the rehabilitation of edentulous jaws places high demands on work of the dental technician. In the case of conventional production, a more or less large clearance of the anchoring elements is observed which leads to a loss of function depending on the mechanical load and which requires time-consuming and cost-intensive reworking. Due to the possibility of manufacturing the primary and secondary structures in a single step in the CAD / CAM process, however, it is possible to achieve a precise fit of the secondary structure on the primary bar reconstruction. Since the removable bridges are passively secured by precision connector or active retention elements, friction losses do not occur. The superstructures are suitable for the initial supply in the upper and lower jaw as well as repair of defective implant suprastructures. The high degree of manufacturing accuracy can be demonstrated clinically in a stable bearing of the dental prosthesis without friction loss

Current treatment strategies for peri-implant diseases with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using the HELBO system

Because of microbiological contamination, peri-implant infection still provides a challenge for every dentist working with implants. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has established itself as an adjuvant noninvasive alternative to traditional strategies with the use of antibiotics and biocides for effective biofilm management. The incubation of the photosensitizer penetrates the biofilm, especially at the nonvital, nonvascularized, contaminated implant surface, and thus enables the possibility of lethal lipid oxidation of the cell walls of the bacteria after laser irradiation. This minimally invasive decontamination process works with low-level lasers and can be applied for prevention as well as for treatment of initial and severe peri-implantitis. In reconstructive peri-implantitis therapy, the most stable results were observed when combining PDT with defect augmentation with autologous bone chips. In addition to the antimicrobial effect, a photobiological effect takes place, so that the wound healing is supported after the surgical procedure

Ridge preservation in the anterior maxilla after partial tooth extraction by retaining a buccal root segment

After tooth extraction in the esthetically challenging area of the anterior maxilla, dimensional stability of the buccal plate is a prerequisite for a successful functional and esthetic treatment result with implant-supported or conventional dentures. Many procedures and materials are currently available for socket and ridge preservation. With regard to the existing evidence of success criteria, there seems to be no significant clinical difference between different protocols and grafting materials. Furthermore, most of the grafting procedures are expensive and time-consuming. One predictable method to prevent resorption of the buccal plate and support the soft tissues in the anterior maxilla is a partial extraction of the respective tooth, leaving a buccal root segment in place. Possible applications for this particular method, also known as the socket-shield technique, will be presented in three clinical cases

Hepatitis B vaccination campaign in a low endemicity area

Between January 1982 and December 1983 14,666 high-risk individuals in the Canton of Zurich, which has one million inhabitants, received 36,234 hepatitis B vaccine injections. The annual number of acute hepatitis B cases dropped from an estimated 220 to 280 in 1981 to 177 in 1982 and 133 in 1983. This drop of 40-50% resulted mainly from reduced numbers of cases among health care workers, drug addicts and homosexuals. Vaccination was a factor responsible for the reduced incidence of hepatitis B among health care workers and drug addicts, high-risk categories substantial proportions of which had been vaccinated. There was no evidence of a secondary protective effect of vaccination extending to other high-risk groups