Distribusi Foraminifera di Laut Halmahera dari Glasial Akhir Sampai Resen

Mikrofauna foraminifera telah banyak digunakan sebagai proksi dalam penelitian paleoseanografi dan Perubahan iklim purba. Kelimpahan dan komposisi kimia cangkang foraminifera merekam berbagai informasi yang dapat diinterpretasi berkaitan dengan Perubahan lingkungan berdasarkan parameter-parameter paleoseanografi. Paleoseanografi Laut Halmahera sangat penting untuk dikaji karena berpengaruh terhadap dinamika iklim Indonesia dan iklim global. Perubahan-Perubahan parameter oseanografi tersebut mempengaruhi sirkulasi arus global dan interaksi antara air-udara yang berperan terhadap penyebaran uap air ke lintang tinggi. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari distribusi foraminifera untuk rekonstruksi Perubahan paleoseanografi di Laut Halmahera dan sekitarnya. Data foraminifera ini didukung dengan pemodelan umur dan rekonstruksi isotop stratigrafi berdasarkan analisis d18O G. ruber dan C14 radiokarbon dating. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan foraminifera di Laut Halmahera sangat dipengaruhi oleh iklim global. Kelimpahan foraminifera terutama didominasi oleh G. ruber, G. bulloides, P. obliqueloculata, N. dutertrei, dan G. menardii dari jenis planktonic. Sedangkan jenis bentik didominasi oleh Bulimina spp., Bolivinita quadrilatera, Bolivina spp., dan Uvigerina spp. Biozonasi foraminifera menunjukkan korelasi yang sangat baik dengan data ?18O dan mencerminkan Perubahan – Perubahan iklim di masa lalu yang terjadi sejak 50.000 tahun yang lalu antara lain glasial akhir yang berlangsung sejak zona 1 - 4b, LGM (subzone 4b), deglasiasi (subzona 4c), kondisi seperti YD dari bumi bagian utara atau ACR dari bumi bagian selatan pada awal zona 5, interglasial (pertengahan zona 5), dan Mid Holosen Maksimum pada pertengahan subzona 5a. Kata kunci: Distribusi foraminifera, paleoseanografi, isotop oksigen, Perubahan iklim global, Laut Halmahera. Microfauna foraminifera has been widely used as a potential proxy for paleoceanography and paleoclimatological changes. Its assemblages and its test geochemical composition preserve important data that could interprete various oceanographic parameters related to the paleoenvironmental changes. The paleoceanography dynamic of Halmahera sea is very important to be studied due to its great impact to Indonesian and global climate. The changes of its oceanographic parameters influence the thermohaline circulation and the air-sea interaction that contribute to the water favour distribution to the high latitudes. Therefore this research purpose is to analyze the foraminiferal distribution in order to reconstruct the paleoceanography changes of Halmahera sea and surrounded. This foraminiferal study is supported by the age model reconstruction and isotope stratigraphy analysis based on d18O G. ruber and 14C dating. The result suggests that foraminiferal assemblage was influenced by global climate changes. Planktonic foraminifera is dominated by G. ruber, G. bulloides, P. obliqueloculata, N. dutertrei, and G. menardii. Benthic foraminifera is dominated by Bulimina spp., Bolivinita quadrilatera, Bolivina spp., and Uvigerina spp. Foraminiferal biozonation indicates coherent correlation with ?18O record, and reflects global paleoclimatic changes that occurred since the 50 ka BP. Those paleoclimatic changes are last glacial (zone 1 - subzone 4b), LGM (zone 4b), deglaciation that was started from subzone 4c, condition of YD like of Northern Hemisphere climate or ACR like of the Southern Hemisphere climate (the beginning of zone 5), interglacial (middle of zone 5), and Mid Holocene Maximum at the middle of subzone 5a

Improving LIGO calibration accuracy by tracking and compensating for slow temporal variations

Calibration of the second-generation LIGO interferometric gravitational-wave detectors employs a method that uses injected periodic modulations to track and compensate for slow temporal variations in the differential length response of the instruments. These detectors utilize feedback control loops to maintain resonance conditions by suppressing differential arm length variations. We describe how the sensing and actuation functions of these servo loops are parameterized and how the slow variations in these parameters are quantified using the injected modulations. We report the results of applying this method to the LIGO detectors and show that it significantly reduces systematic errors in their calibrated outputs.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in Classical and Quantum Gravity. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from i

Prediction for new magnetoelectric fluorides

We use symmetry considerations in order to predict new magnetoelectric fluorides. In addition to these magnetoelectric properties, we discuss among these fluorides the ones susceptible to present multiferroic properties. We emphasize that several materials present ferromagnetic properties. This ferromagnetism should enhance the interplay between magnetic and dielectric properties in these materials.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, To appear in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte

Biologic Monitoring to Characterize Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure among Children and Workers: An Analysis of Recent Studies in Washington State

We examined findings from five organophosphorus pesticide biomonitoring studies conducted in Washington State between 1994 and 1999. We compared urinary dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) concentrations for all study groups and composite dimethyl alkylphosphate (DMAP) concentrations for selected groups. Children of pesticide applicators had substantially higher metabolite levels than did Seattle children and farmworker children (median DMTP, 25 μg/L; p < 0.0001). Metabolite levels of children living in agricultural communities were elevated during periods of crop spraying. Median DMTP concentrations for Seattle children and farmworker children did not differ significantly (6.1 and 5.8 μg/L DMTP, respectively; p = 0.73); however, the DMAP concentrations were higher for Seattle children than for farmworker children (117 and 87 nmol/L DMAP, respectively; p = 0.007). DMTP concentrations of U.S. children 6–11 years of age (1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey population) were higher than those of Seattle children and farmworker children at the 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles. DMTP concentrations for workers actively engaged in apple thinning were 50 times higher than DMTP concentrations for farmworkers sampled outside of peak exposure periods. We conclude that workers who have direct contact with pesticides should continue to be the focus of public health interventions and that elevated child exposures in agricultural communities may occur during active crop-spraying periods and from living with a pesticide applicator. Timing of sample collection is critical for the proper interpretation of pesticide biomarkers excreted relatively soon after exposure. We surmise that differences in dietary exposure can explain the similar exposures observed among farmworker children, children living in the Seattle metropolitan area, and children sampled nationally

How do roots respond to osmotic stress? A transcriptomic approach to address this question in a non-model crop

Drought is a complex phenomenon that is relevant for many crops. Performing high-throughput transcriptomics in non-model crops is challenging. The non-model crop where our workflow has been tested on is banana (Musa spp.), which ranks among the top ten staple foods (total production over 145 million tons in 2013 (FAOstat)[1]). Bananas need vast amounts of water and even mild-drought conditions are responsible for considerable yield losses[2]. To characterize drought in the roots of different banana genotypes, we designed a lab model based on osmotic stress (5% PEG treatment for 3 days) and performed mRNA-seq analysis[3]. Using Illumina technology, 18 cDNA libraries were sequenced producing around 568 million high quality reads, of which 70-84% were mapped to the diploid reference genome[4]. We show that the applied stress leads to a drop in energy levels inducing a metabolic shift towards (i) higher oxidative respiration, (ii) alternative respiration and (iii) fermentation. We also analyzed the expression patterns of paralogous genes belonging to the same gene families and detected possible cases of sub-functionalization

Reconstructing the calibrated strain signal in the Advanced LIGO detectors

Advanced LIGO's raw detector output needs to be calibrated to compute dimensionless strain h(t). Calibrated strain data is produced in the time domain using both a low-latency, online procedure and a high-latency, offline procedure. The low-latency h(t) data stream is produced in two stages, the first of which is performed on the same computers that operate the detector's feedback control system. This stage, referred to as the front-end calibration, uses infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering and performs all operations at a 16384 Hz digital sampling rate. Due to several limitations, this procedure currently introduces certain systematic errors in the calibrated strain data, motivating the second stage of the low-latency procedure, known as the low-latency gstlal calibration pipeline. The gstlal calibration pipeline uses finite impulse response (FIR) filtering to apply corrections to the output of the front-end calibration. It applies time-dependent correction factors to the sensing and actuation components of the calibrated strain to reduce systematic errors. The gstlal calibration pipeline is also used in high latency to recalibrate the data, which is necessary due mainly to online dropouts in the calibrated data and identified improvements to the calibration models or filters.Comment: 20 pages including appendices and bibliography. 11 Figures. 3 Table

Strong mode localization in nearly periodic disordered structures

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76694/1/AIAA-10085-359.pd