Magyarország gravitációs lineamenstérképe = Gravity lineament map of Hungary

Az Eötvös Loránd Geofizikai Intézetben felépített Országos Gravitációs Adatbázis, amely több mint 380000 mérési pontot tartalmaz, országos fedettséget biztosít. Első lépésben elkészítettük az 500000-es Bouguer-anomália térképet, amit kisebb módszertani ismertetővel publikáltunk a Geophysical Transactions (2006. Vol. 45, No. 2) számában. Ezután a gravitációs anomáliák sűrűség-, mélység- és méret-függését vizsgálatuk. Az eredmények azt mutatták, hogy a gravitációs anomáliatér spektrális jellege független a sűrűségkontraszttól, a test méretétől és azt elsődlegesen a hatók mélysége határozza meg. Szűrési és képfeldolgozási munkák eredményeként több transzformált térkép is készült, amelyek lineamens kijelölésre alkalmasak voltak. Az utolsó fázisában elvégzett feldolgozásaink során a lineamenseket automatikus (horizontális gradiens módszer, Euler 3D módszer) és a félautomatikus (automatikus + manuális) eljárásokkal jelöltük ki. A feldolgozások során meghatároztuk a legfontosabb gravitációs lineamenseket és a lineamens rendszer bekerült az ELGI országos geofizikai alaptérképei közé. Az eredményeinket számos előadáson bemutattuk, a legérdekesebb lineamenseket a Magyar Geofizika (2006. 47. évfolyam, 2. szám) cikkében publikáltuk. Meggyőződésünk, hogy az eredményeink számos más kutatási témának szolgáltatnak földtanilag hasznos információt és az OTKA keretén belül végzett módszertani kutatásaink újabb kutatási célokat generáltak. | The National Hungarian Gravity Database developed by Eötvös Loránd Geophysical Institute consists of more than 380000 measured data, which cover the whole country. In the first stage we have constructed the Bouguer anomaly map of Hungary (scale 1:500000) and later published it with a small methodological guide in Geophysical Transactions (2006. Vol. 45, No. 2). After that we have studied the dependence of the anomalies from density contrast, depth and the size of the causative bodies. The results showed that spectral behavior depends only on the depth of the causative body, and is independent of density contrast and size of the body. Using different filtering and image processing methods on gravity map, we have created a lot of different maps to detect the gravity lineaments. In the last stage of the work gravity lineaments were designed using automatic (horizontal gradient method, Euler 3D method) and semiautomatic (automatic + manual) methods of line detection. The main gravity lineaments were determined and the system of lineaments was archived and put into the country size geophysical base maps of ELGI. Our results were presented on many conferences and the most interesting line structures were published in Hungarian Geophysics (2006. Vol. 47, No.2.). We think that our results gave important geological information for many other research themes and showed a lot of new interesting scientific purposes

Trigger and Timing Distributions using the TTC-PON and GBT Bridge Connection in ALICE for the LHC Run 3 Upgrade

The ALICE experiment at CERN is preparing for a major upgrade for the third phase of data taking run (Run 3), when the high luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) starts. The increase in the beam luminosity will result in high interaction rate causing the data acquisition rate to exceed 3 TB/sec. In order to acquire data for all the events and to handle the increased data rate, a transition in the readout electronics architecture from the triggered to the trigger-less acquisition mode is required. In this new architecture, a dedicated electronics block called the Common Readout Unit (CRU) is defined to act as a nodal communication point for detector data aggregation and as a distribution point for timing, trigger and control (TTC) information. TTC information in the upgraded triggerless readout architecture uses two asynchronous high-speed serial links connections: the TTC-PON and the GBT. We have carried out a study to evaluate the quality of the embedded timing signals forwarded by the CRU to the connected electronics using the TTC-PON and GBT bridge connection. We have used four performance metrics to characterize the communication bridge: (a)the latency added by the firmware logic, (b)the jitter cleaning effect of the PLL on the timing signal, (c)BER analysis for quantitative measurement of signal quality, and (d)the effect of optical transceivers parameter settings on the signal strength. Reliability study of the bridge connection in maintaining the phase consistency of timing signals is conducted by performing multiple iterations of power on/off cycle, firmware upgrade and reset assertion/de-assertion cycle (PFR cycle). The test results are presented and discussed concerning the performance of the TTC-PON and GBT bridge communication chain using the CRU prototype and its compliance with the ALICE timing requirements

The Combination of Single-Cell and Next-Generation Sequencing Can Reveal Mosaicism for BRCA2 Mutations and the Fine Molecular Details of Tumorigenesis

Simple Summary Germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations may define therapeutic targets and refine cancer treatment options. However, routine BRCA diagnostic approaches cannot reveal the exact time and origin of BRCA1/2 mutation formation, and thus, the fine details of their contribution to tumor progression remain less clear. We established a diagnostic pipeline using high-resolution microscopy and laser microcapture microscopy to test for BRCA1/2 mutations in tumors at the single-cell level, followed by deep next-generation sequencing of various tissues from the patient. To demonstrate the power of our approach, here we present a detailed analysis of an ovarian cancer patient, in which we describe constitutional somatic mosaicism of a BRCA2 mutation. Characterization of the mosaic mutation at the single-cell level contributes to a better understanding of BRCA mutation formation and supports the concept that the combination of single-cell and next-generation sequencing methods is advantageous over traditional mutational analysis methods. Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are responsible for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations may define therapeutic targets and refine cancer treatment options. However, routine BRCA diagnostic approaches cannot reveal the exact time and origin of BRCA1/2 mutation formation, and thus, the fine details of their contribution to tumor progression remain less clear. Here, we establish a diagnostic pipeline using high-resolution microscopy and laser microcapture microscopy to test for BRCA1/2 mutations in the tumor at the single-cell level, followed by deep next-generation sequencing of various tissues from the patient. To demonstrate the power of our approach, here, we describe a detailed single-cell-level analysis of an ovarian cancer patient we found to exhibit constitutional somatic mosaicism of a pathogenic BRCA2 mutation. Employing next-generation sequencing, BRCA2 c.7795G>T, p.(Glu2599Ter) was detected in 78% of reads in DNA extracted from ovarian cancer tissue and 25% of reads in DNA derived from peripheral blood, which differs significantly from the expected 50% of a hereditary mutation. The BRCA2 mutation was subsequently observed at 17-20% levels in the normal ovarian and buccal tissue of the patient. Together, our findings suggest that this mutation occurred early in embryonic development. Characterization of the mosaic mutation at the single-cell level contributes to a better understanding of BRCA mutation formation and supports the concept that the combination of single-cell and next-generation sequencing methods is advantageous over traditional mutational analysis methods. This study is the first to characterize constitutional mosaicism down to the single-cell level, and it demonstrates that BRCA2 mosaicism occurring early during embryogenesis can drive tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer.Peer reviewe

Photochemical Behavior of the Insecticide Methomyl Under Different Conditions

This article describes the photolytic and photocatalytic removal of the insecticide methomyl at low concentration from different types of water, upon UV, visible or natural solar light radiation, in the presence of TiO2 and ZnO, as well as using Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite and AlFe-pillared montmorillonite (photo-Fenton process). The rate of photodecomposition of methomyl was measured using UV spectrometry and HPLC, while its mineralization was investigated by ion chromatography (IC) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. The photochemical removal of methomyl is a natural and applicable model for the purification of water

Study on the photocatalytic degradation of insecticide methomyl in water

Photo-Fenton degradation of the insecticide methomyl in water using Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite and AlFe-pillared montmorillonite catalysts under halogen lamp light was studied. The study was performed at room temperature in a glass batch reactor under constant airflow. Both catalysts exhibited activity in the wet oxidative degradation of methomyl. The rate of photodecomposition of methomyl was measured using UV spectrometry and HPLC, while its mineralization was followed using ion chromatography (IC) and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. IC results showed that mineralization led to formation of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium ions during the process. Under our conditions, complete disappearance of 16.22 mg/L of pure pesticide and 100% or 80% TOC removal occurred within 4 h using 5 g/L or 1 g/L of Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite, respectively. The Fe-ZSM-5 was found to be a better catalyst. Pseudo-first-order rate constants were calculated, and the performed treatments compared

The influence of polychromatic light on methomyl degradation in TiO2 and ZnO aqueous suspension

The photocatalytic degradation of the insecticide methomyl in water using TiO2 Merck Eusolex (R) T (anatase) under Osram ultra-vitalux (R) lamp light (315-400 nm, 300W) was studied. The effect of the operational parameters, such as initial concentration of catalyst, initial methomyl concentration, initial salt concentration (NaCl), and pH, was studied. The optimal concentration of catalyst was found to be 2.0 g/L. Using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism as a base, a pseudo-first-order kinetic model was illustrated and the adsorption equilibrium constant and the rate constant of the surface reaction were calculated (K-MT = 0.079 L/mg and

Decomposition of methomyl over supported iron catalysts

Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of methomyl over Fe-ZSM-5 and AlFe-pillared montmorillonite was carried out at room temperature, in a glass batch reactor, under constant airflow and halogen lamp light. Both catalysts have shown significant activity in the degradation reaction of methomyl at a concentration of 1.0x10(-4) mol

A study of the photocatalytic degradation of methomyl by UV light

The photocatalytic degradation of insecticide methomyl in water, using TiO2 and ZnO (Merck), under UV (366 nm) was studied. The influence of the catalyst concentration and pH was investigated. The optimal concentration of the catalyst was found to be 2.0 g/l. It was found that ZnO is a better catalyst than TiO2 under the same reaction conditions. Also, the influence of NaCl was studied. The presence of Cl- significantly affects the photodegradation of the pollutant

A potent approach for the development of FPGA based DAQ system for HEP experiments

With ever increasing particle beam energies and interaction rates in modern High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments in the present and future accelerator facilities, there has always been the demand for robust Data Acquisition (DAQ) schemes which perform in the harsh radiation environment and handle high data volume. The scheme is required to be flexible enough to adapt to the demands of future detector and electronics upgrades, and at the same time keeping the cost factor in mind. To address these challenges, in the present work, we discuss an efficient DAQ scheme for error resilient, high speed data communication on commercially available state-of-the-art FPGA with optical links. The scheme utilises GigaBit Transceiver (GBT) protocol to establish radiation tolerant communication link between on-detector front-end electronics situated in harsh radiation environment to the back-end Data Processing Unit (DPU) placed in a low radiation zone. The acquired data are reconstructed in DPU which reduces the data volume significantly, and then transmitted to the computing farms through high speed optical links using 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE). In this study, we focus on implementation and testing of GBT protocol and 10GbE links on an Intel FPGA. Results of the measurements of resource utilisation, critical path delays, signal integrity, eye diagram and Bit Error Rate (BER) are presented, which are the indicators for efficient system performance