Tolerance of three marine microalgae to cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol and glycerol

Mangroves are one of the most productive natural ecosystems and form an important part of the coastal and estuarine ecosystem and are nursery ground for many organisms'. Phenols are one of the major groups of secondary metabolites in plants. Phenolic acids in soil are naturally formed during humic acid breakdown. Oilier sources in sediment are flavanoids leached from plant debris, those formed during lignin decomposition and those synthesized by soil microorganism

GIGANTEA - An Emerging Story

GIGANTEA (GI) is a plant specific nuclear protein and functions in diverse physiological processes such as flowering time regulation, light signaling, hypocotyl elongation, control of circadian rhythm, sucrose signaling, starch accumulation, chlorophyll accumulation, transpiration, herbicide tolerance, cold tolerance, drought tolerance and miRNA processing. It has been five decades since its discovery but the biochemical function of GI and its different domains are still unclear. Although it is known that both GI transcript and GI protein are clock controlled, the regulation of its abundance and functions at the molecular level are still some of the unexplored areas of intensive research. Since GI has many important pleotropic functions as described above scattered through literature, it is worthwhile and about time to encapsulate the available information in a concise review. Therefore, in this review, we are making an attempt to summarize (i) the various interconnected roles that GI possibly plays in the fine-tuning of plant development, and (ii) the known mutations of GI that have been instrumental in understanding its role in distinct physiological processes

Not Available

Not AvailableMangroves are one of the most productive natural ecosystems and form an important part of the coastal and estuarine ecosystem and are nursery ground for many organisms'. Phenols are one of the major groups of secondary metabolites in plants. Phenolic acids in soil are naturally formed during humic acid breakdown. Oilier sources in sediment are flavanoids leached from plant debris, those formed during lignin decomposition and those synthesized by soil microorganismsNot Availabl

Red Light and Glucose Enhance Cytokinin-Mediated Bud Initial Formation in <i>Physcomitrium patens</i>

Growth and development of Physcomitrium patens is endogenously regulated by phytohormones such as auxin and cytokinin. Auxin induces the transition of chloronema to caulonema. This transition is also regulated by additional factors such as quantity and quality of light, carbon supply, and other phytohormones such as strigolactones and precursors of gibberrelic acid. On the other hand, cytokinins induce the formation of bud initials following caulonema differentiation. However, the influence of external factors such as light or nutrient supply on cytokinin-mediated bud initial formation has not been demonstrated in Physcomitrium patens. This study deals with the effect of light quality and nutrient supply on cytokinin-mediated bud initial formation. Bud initial formation has been observed in wild type plants in different light conditions such as white, red, and blue light in response to exogenously supplied cytokinin as well as glucose. In addition, budding assay has been demonstrated in the cry1a mutant of Physcomitrium in different light conditions. The results indicate that carbon supply and red light enhance the cytokinin response, while blue light inhibits this process in Physcomitrium

Not Available

Not AvailableMangroves are one of the most productive natural ecosystems and form an important part of the coastal and estuarine ecosystem and are nursery ground for many organisms'. Phenols are one of the major groups of secondary metabolites in plants. Phenolic acids in soil are naturally formed during humic acid breakdown. Oilier sources in sediment are flavanoids leached from plant debris, those formed during lignin decomposition and those synthesized by soil microorganismsNot Availabl

Tolerance of three marine microalgae to cryoprotectant dimethy sulfoxide, methanol and glycerol

243-247Studies on tolerance limit of cryoprotectants. is of much importance in determining the viability of cells after freezing them at below normal temperatures. Tetraselmis gracilis showed survival on exposure to 5 to 30% (v/v) DMSO, 5 to 25% methanol and 5 to 40% glycerol for periods of up to 2 h. DMSO and methanol were lethal at higher concentrations (>10%)for Chlorella marina and Chaetoceros calcitrans even on exposure for 15 min. At 25%, DMSO was so much lethal that the cells of C. calcitrans and C. marina were dead even after 60 sec. At 20%, all cells were dead within 60 min. Safer concentrations for DMSO were at 5% and lower. Methanol incubations significantly reduced cell viability above 25% (60 sec) for T. gracilis, 15% (up to 20 min) for C. calcitrans and 20% (up to 60 min) for C. marina. All the three algae could tolerate glycerol even up to 30% (60 min). The survival was highest at 10% concentration of glycerol for 120 min. Based on cell recovery rate after 24 h post thaw and growth rate determination, DMSO at 5% or 10% glycerol are the best treatments for cryopreservation. Glycerol was found to be better than DMSO in all the three cases. Post thaw viability in 5% methanol was almost negligent for all the three strains.</span

Integrated Expression Analysis of Small RNA, Degradome and Microarray Reveals Complex Regulatory Action of miRNA during Prolonged Shade in Swarnaprabha Rice

Prolonged shade during the reproductive stage can result in significant yield losses in rice. For this study, we elucidated the role of microRNAs in prolonged-shade tolerance (~20 days of shade) in a shade-tolerant rice variety, Swarnaprabha (SP), in its reproductive stage using small RNA and degradome sequencing with expression analysis using microarray and qRT-PCR. This study demonstrates that miRNA (miR) regulation for shade-tolerance predominately comprises the deactivation of the miR itself, leading to the upregulation of their targets. Up- and downregulated differentially expressed miRs (DEms) presented drastic differences in the category of targets based on the function and pathway in which they are involved. Moreover, neutrally regulated and uniquely expressed miRs also contributed to the shade-tolerance response by altering the differential expression of their targets, probably due to their differential binding affinities. The upregulated DEms mostly targeted the cell wall, membrane, cytoskeleton, and cellulose synthesis-related transcripts, and the downregulated DEms targeted the transcripts of photosynthesis, carbon and sugar metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid and protein metabolism. We identified 16 miRNAs with 21 target pairs, whose actions may significantly contribute to the shade-tolerance phenotype and sustainable yield of SP. The most notable among these were found to be miR5493-OsSLAC and miR5144-OsLOG1 for enhanced panicle size, miR5493-OsBRITTLE1-1 for grain formation, miR6245-OsCsIF9 for decreased stem mechanical strength, miR5487-OsGns9 and miR168b-OsCP1 for better pollen development, and miR172b-OsbHLH153 for hyponasty under shade

Cold Tolerance Mechanisms in Mungbean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) Genotypes during Germination

Mungbean or greengram (Vigna radiata) is an important legume crop well known for its high protein with nitrogen-fixing abilities. However, the severe yield loss in mungbean occurs due to susceptibility to low temperatures at all stages of plant growth including germination and is a serious concern for its cultivation and productivity. To select cold-tolerant genotypes, a germination-based screening at 10 °C was performed in a total of 204 germplasms. The study showed that cold stress of the initial 8-days during seedling establishment imposed a negative impact throughout the life of mungbean genotypes, which were reflected in the vegetative and reproductive phase (plant height, days to 50% flowering and pods/plant, seeds/pod, yield/plant, and 100-seed weight). The biplot analysis showed that parameters such as germination rate index, Timson’s index, mean germination time, and coefficient of the velocity of germination are the key influential germination parameters for identifying cold tolerance in the seedling stage. Identified cold-tolerant genotype (PAU911) retained higher rootlet number, leaf area, and increased chlorophyll, carotenoid, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at 10 °C. Based on the confocal microscopic study, it is noticed that the stomatal density, open pore percentage, and trichome density were significant differences in seedlings exposed to cold stress as compared to non-stress. On the basis of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, it is observed that a new protein identified as TETRATRICOPEPTIDE-REPEAT THIOREDOXIN-LIKE1 (TTL1) (UNIPROT Identifier: LOC106762419) which highly correlated with the cold stress response of in the cold-tolerant genotype. Our study identifies a noble member, TTL1, whose expression has a positive role in cold tolerance response at the protein level in V. radiata. This study will help breeding programs with regard to the sustainable growth of mungbean

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl