Direct photon production from hadronic sources in high-energy heavy-ion collisions

The low $p_T$ direct photon production from a variety of the hadronic sources is studied within the microscopic HSD transport approach for p+C, p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions at 160 A GeV. The direct photon emission from elementary hadronic scatterings as well as meson-meson bremsstrahlung are incorporated. The influence of in-medium effects such as a collisional broadening of the vector-meson spectral functions on the photon emission rate is found to be hardly observable in the final spectra which are dominated by bremsstrahlung type processes. The uncertainties in the subtraction of the 'background' from the photon decay of hadronic resonances inside the hot and dense fireball is investigated, additionally. Our findings are relevant for the interpretation and extraction of experimental data on direct photon production at low $p_T$.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

New type of stable particle like states in chiral magnets (Chiral bobbers)

We present a new type of a thermodynamically stable magnetic state at interfaces and surfaces of chiral magnets. The state is a soliton solution of micromagnetic equations localized in all three dimensions near a boundary and contains a singularity, but nevertheless has a finite energy. Both features combine to a quasi-particle state for which we expect unusual transport and dynamical properties. It exhibits high thermal stability and thereby can be considered as promising object for fundamental research and practical applications in spintronic devices. We provide arguments that such a state can be found in different B20-type alloys e.g. Mn$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Ge, Mn$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$Si, Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$Si.Comment: accepted in PR

Two-particle decays of B_c meson into charmonium states

The factorization of hard and soft contributions into the hadronic decays of B_c meson at large recoils is explored in order to evaluate the decay rates into the S, P and D-wave charmonia associated with rho and pi. The constraints of approach applicability and uncertainties of numerical estimates are discussed. The mode with the J/psi in the final state is evaluated taking into account the cascade radiative electromagnetic decays of excited P-wave states, that enlarges the branching ratio by 20-25%.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX axodraw-style, 1 figure, 2 table

Physics of B_c mesons

In the framework of potential models for heavy quarkonium the mass spectrum for the system ($\bar b c$) is considered. Spin-dependent splittings, taking into account a change of a constant for effective coulomb interaction between the quarks, and widths of radiative transitions between the ($\bar b c$) levels are calculated. In the framework of QCD sum rules, masses of the lightest vector $B_c^*$ and pseudoscalar $B_c$ states are estimated, scaling relation for leptonic constants of heavy quarkonia is derived, and the leptonic constant $f_{B_c}$ is evaluated. The $B_c$ decays are considered in the framework of both the potential models and the QCD sum rules, where the significance of Coulomb-like corrections is shown. The relations, following from the approximate spin symmetry for the heavy quarks in the heavy quarkonium, are analysed for the form factors of the semileptonic weak exclusive decays of $B_c$. The $B_c$ lifetime is evaluated with the account of the corrections to the spectator mechanism of the decay, because of the quark binding into the meson. The total and differential cross sections of the $B_c$ production in different interactions are calculated. The analytic expressions for the fragmentational production cross sections of $B_c$ are derived. The possibility of the practical $B_c$ search in the current and future experiments at electron-positron and hadron colliders is analysed.Comment: 81 page, latex, ihep.sty is required and attached in the end of the file after \end{document}, figures are not availabl

Magnetic hopfions in solids

Hopfions are an intriguing class of string-like solitons, named according to a classical topological concept classifying three-dimensional direction fields. The search of hopfions in real physical systems is going on for nearly half a century, starting with the seminal work of Faddeev. But so far realizations in solids are missing. Here, we present a theory that identifies magnetic materials featuring hopfions as stable states without the assistance of confinement or external fields. Our results are based on an advanced micromagnetic energy functional derived from a spin-lattice Hamiltonian. Hopfions appear as emergent particles of the classical Heisenberg model. Magnetic hopfions represent three-dimensional particle-like objects of nanometre-size dimensions opening the gate to a new generation of spintronic devices in the framework of a truly three-dimensional architecture. Our approach goes beyond the conventional phenomenological models. We derive material-realistic parameters that serve as concrete guidance in the search of magnetic hopfions bridging computational physics with materials science

Forced Topological Nontrivial Field Configurations

The motion of a one-dimensional kink and its energy losses are considered as a model of interaction of nontrivial topological field configurations with external fields. The approach is based on the calculation of the zero modes excitation probability in the external field. We study in the same way the interaction of the t'Hooft-Polyakov monopole with weak external fields. The basic idea is to treat the excitation of a monopole zero mode as the monopole displacement. The excitation is found perturbatively. As an example we consider the interaction of the t'Hooft-Polyakov monopole with an external uniform magnetic field.Comment: 18 pages, 3 Postscript figures, RevTe

Kondo effect in a one-electron double quantum dot: Oscillations of the Kondo current in a weak magnetic field

We present transport measurements of the Kondo effect in a double quantum dot charged with only one or two electrons, respectively. For the one electron case we observe a surprising quasi-periodic oscillation of the Kondo conductance as a function of a small perpendicular magnetic field |B| \lesssim 50mT. We discuss possible explanations of this effect and interpret it by means of a fine tuning of the energy mismatch of the single dot levels of the two quantum dots. The observed degree of control implies important consequences for applications in quantum information processing

Generation of Intrinsic Vibrational Gap Modes in Three-Dimensional Ionic Crystals

The existence of anharmonic localization of lattice vibrations in a perfect 3-D diatomic ionic crystal is established for the rigid-ion model by molecular dynamics simulations. For a realistic set of NaI potential parameters, an intrinsic localized gap mode vibrating in the [111] direction is observed for fcc and zinc blende lattices. An axial elastic distortion is an integral feature of this mode which forms more readily for the zinc blende than for the fcc structure. Molecular dynamics simulations verify that in each structure this localized mode may be stable for at least 200 cycles.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX, using epsf.sty. To be published in Phys. Rev. B. Also available at http://www.msc.cornell.edu/~kiselev

Mass spectra of doubly heavy Omega_QQ' baryons

We evaluate the masses of baryons composed of two heavy quarks and a strange quark with account for spin-dependent splittings in the framework of potential model with the KKO potential motivated by QCD with a three-loop beta-function for the effective charge consistent with both the perturbative limit at short distances and linear confinement term at long distances between the quarks. The factorization of dynamics is supposed and explored in the nonrelativistic Schroedinger equation for the motion in the system of two heavy quarks constituting the doubly heavy diquark and the strange quark interaction with the diquark. The limits of approach, its justification and uncertainties are discussed. Excited quasistable states are classified by the quantum numbers of heavy diquark composed by the heavy quarks of the same flavor.Comment: 14 pages, revtex4-file, 3 eps-figures, 5 tables, typos correcte

Algebraic properties of Gardner's deformations for integrable systems

An algebraic definition of Gardner's deformations for completely integrable bi-Hamiltonian evolutionary systems is formulated. The proposed approach extends the class of deformable equations and yields new integrable evolutionary and hyperbolic Liouville-type systems. An exactly solvable two-component extension of the Liouville equation is found.Comment: Proc. conf. "Nonlinear Physics: Theory and Experiment IV" (Gallipoli, 2006); Theor. Math. Phys. (2007) 151:3/152:1-2, 16p. (to appear