1,3,4-Oxadiazole Dimers: New and Effective corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in sulphuric acid solution

The corrosion inhibition property of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole dimers have been investigated for mild steel in acidic environment using gravimetric method, Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and adsorption isotherm. The results revealed that 1,3,4-Oxadiazole dimers had excellent corrosion inhibition property for mild steel in 1M H2SO4 acid media and its inhibitive efficiency was more than 99% even with a low concentration of 1000ppm.The adsorption of the organic compounds on the mild steel surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption  isotherm. IR spectra and SEM proved the adsorption of organic inhibitors and the formation of corrosion products on the mild steel surface.Â

USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BY THE MEDICAL STUDENTS

Background: Usage of information technology   is increasing among university students. The extent of usage among medical students is not studied well. The aim of the study is to assess the usage pattern of information technology by first year and second year medical students of government Kilpauk medical college. Chennai. Method : 200 students of first year and second year students were participated in this study. They were interviewed using pretested questionnaire to bring out the different pattern of the internet use and application knowledge of information technology in medical field. Results: Among 200 students 84% of second years and43% of first years access the internet using their mobile phones .The application knowledge of information technology (IT) is 97% in second year students when compared to first year student45%.Majority of students(97%) prefers computer classes to be included in medical curriculum. Conclusion: The usage of information technology by the second year medical students are increasing when compared to the newly admitted students  and also the purpose of using IT  and knowledge of  IT in medical field  also improving when they are entering second year. Key words: computer, internet , information technology

Physical Properties of Plant Fibers (Sisal, Coir) and Its Composite Material with Tamarind Seed Gum as Low-Cost Housing Material

In this study, the physical properties of sisal and coir fibers have been described. Using manual extraction procedures, the sisal fibers were extracted from the sisal plant and coir fibers from the coconut palm. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry, structural morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and the degree of sharpness of the equatorial reflections of the X-ray fiber diffraction pattern were recorded for the untreated sisal and coir fibers. Tensile strength was determined for the single fiber and the results are correlated with the tensile strength of bundle fibers. Composite material has been prepared with this plant fiber as a filler and tamarind seed gum as a matrix material. The endosperms of roasted tamarind seeds were used for the preparation of tamarind seed gum solution. The different temperature condition maintained for roasting the seeds are 130°C, 160°C, and 180°C. The tensile strength of the prepared composite material is measured and it shows dependency of the roasting temperature condition of the tamarind seed. Scanning electron microscopy and water resistivity test were conducted, and the results were reported for the prepared composite material. Low-cost housing is made using this biodegradable sisal fiber--tamarind seed gum composite material

Population Dynamics of Sucking Pests in Dual Season Cotton Ecosystem and Its Correlation with Weather Factors

Population dynamics of sucking pests in cotton ecosystem were studied at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during winter (2021) and summer (2022) seasons. Weekly observations were recorded on 20 randomly selected plants representing top, middle and bottom canopy of the crop which was raised in regular planting dates of winter and summer and were maintained as per the recommended regular agronomic practices except insect management interventions. During winter season, sucking pests viz., leafhopper, aphids, thrips, and whitefly were first observed in field from 39th SMW i.e. one month after sowing. Mealybugs were first observed during 41st SMW i.e. 43 days after sowing (DAS) of crop. The highest population of leafhopper, aphids, thrips, whitefly and mealybug recorded was 4.7, 18.7, 4.6, 2.45 no. per 3 leaves and 13.7 no. per 3 twigs, respectively. The mean population of sucking pests was high in October, 2021 and coincided with square formation to flowering stage except mealybug, which attained peak during January, at the boll bursting stage of crop. During summer season, the sucking pests were found to colonize from 8th SMW, corresponded to 20 DAS crop, while the mealybug occurred at 11th SMW, 40 DAS crop. The peak population of leafhopper, aphids, thrips, whitefly and mealybug registered was 5.4, 38.4, 4.9, 7.07 no./ 3 leaves and 2.4 no./ 3 twigs, respectively. The mean population of sucking pests was high from mid march to first fortnight of april 2022, and by that time the crop was at square formation to flowering stage. On comparison of both the season, summer season crop was infested by intensive level of sucking pests. Correlation results revealed that maximum temperature (0C) showed positive correlation, whereas rainfall (mm) showed negative correlation with population growth of sucking pests. Results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that all the weather parameters collectively caused 51.1% – 88.4% influence on the population fluctuation of sucking pests

Development of Membraneless Sodium Perborate Fuel Cell for Media Flexible Power Generation

This paper reports the media flexibility of membraneless sodium perborate fuel cell (MLSPBFC) using acid/alkaline bipolar electrolyte in which the anode is in acidic media while the cathode is in alkaline media, or vice versa. Investigation of the cell operation is conducted by using formic acid as a fuel and sodium perborate as an oxidant for the first time under “acid-alkaline media” configurations. The MLSPBFC architecture enables interchangeable operation with different media combinations. The experimental results indicate that operating under “acid-alkaline media” conditions significantly improves the fuel cell performance compared with all-acidic and all-alkaline conditions. The effects of flow rates and the concentrations of various species at both the anode and cathode on the cell performance are also investigated. It has been demonstrated that the laminar flow based microfluidic membraneless fuel cell can reach a maximum power density of 28.2 mW cm−2 with a fuel mixture flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1 at room temperature

Various Solvent Effects on Phytochemical Screening and Gas Chromatography–mass Spectroscopy Analysis of Tephrosia Villosa Leaf Extract Mass

Introduction: Plants produce various chemicals to protect themselves; but recent studies proved that many phytochemicals can also protect humans against infectious diseases. The present study was conducted to identify and characterize the phytoconstituents and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extract of leaves of Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. of family Fabaceae. Materials and Method: The leaf extracts were subjected to qualitative screening for primary and secondary metabolites as per standard methods; further, GC–MS analysis was carried out for the identification of secondary metabolites. Result: Preliminary phytochemical screening of leaf extract of T. villosa showed positive result for alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids, saponins, glycosides, gum and mucilages, and fixed oils in methanolic extract which is followed by aqueous extract. In quantitative analysis, the highest amount of phenolic content was obtained in aqueous extract, tannin in petroleum ether, and flavonoids and saponins in ethyl acetate. GC–MS analysis of leaf extract revealed the presence of 53 bioactive phytochemical compounds. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the species contain effective phytochemical compounds, need further research on toxicological aspects to develop a safe drug

Preparation of iron-deposited graphite surface for application as cathode material during electrochemical vat-dyeing process

Iron-deposited graphite surfaces were prepared, characterized and employed as cathode materials for electrochemical vat-dyeing process containing very low concentration of sodium dithionite. The electrodeposition, in presence of ammonium thiocyanate and gelatin or animal glue as binding additives, were found to give finer iron deposits for improved electrochemical dyeing application. The electrodepositswere characterized using scanning electron microscopy, electron-dispersiveX-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods, before and after electrochemical dyeing process. The electrochemical activity of the iron-deposited graphite electrodes always stored in water seems to depend on the surface-bound Fe3+/Fe2+ redox species. Vat dyes like C.I. Vat Violet 1, C.I. Vat Green 1 and C.I. Vat Blue 4 could be efficiently dyed employing these above electrode materials. The colour intensity and washing fastness of the dyed fabrics were found to be equal with conventionally dyed fabrics. The electrodes could also be reused for the dyeing process

Growth mechanism of the interdiffusion zone between platinum modified bond coats and single crystal superalloys

Pt-modified beta-NiAl bond coats are applied over the superalloys for oxidation protection in jet engine applications. However, as shown in this study, it also enhances the growth of the interdiffusion zone developed between the bond coat and the superalloy along with brittle precipitates. Location of the Kirkendall plane indicates that a precipitate free sublayer grows from the bond coat, whereas another sublayer grows from the superalloy containing very high volume fraction of precipitates. With increasing Pt content, thickness of both the sublayers increases because of an increase in diffusion rates of the components. Quantitative electron probe microanalysis indicates high concentration of refractory components in the precipitates. Transmission electron microscopy shows that Rene N5 superalloy produces TCP phases mu and P, whereas CMSX-4 superalloy produces mu and sigma in the interdiffusion zone. With increasing Pt content in the bond coat, the average size of the precipitates decreases when coupled with Rene N5. Precipitates become much finer when the same bond coats are coupled with CMSX-4. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved