12,784 research outputs found
Ionized cluster beam deposition
Ionized Cluster Beam (ICB) deposition, a new technique originated by Takagi of Kyoto University in Japan, offers a number of unique capabilities for thin film metallization as well as for deposition of active semiconductor materials. ICB allows average energy per deposited atom to be controlled and involves impact kinetics which result in high diffusion energies of atoms on the growth surface. To a greater degree than in other techniques, ICB involves quantitative process parameters which can be utilized to strongly control the characteristics of films being deposited. In the ICB deposition process, material to be deposited is vaporized into a vacuum chamber from a confinement crucible at high temperature. Crucible nozzle configuration and operating temperature are such that emerging vapor undergoes supercondensation following adiabatic expansion through the nozzle
Development of methods and procedures for high rate low energy expenditure fabrication of solar cells
The objective of this program is to develop high rate, energy efficient solar cell processing techniques based around ion implantation and elimination of all conventional thermal operations. Cells have been fabricated using an abbreviated series of vacuum process operations performed at room temperature
Classical Three-Box "paradox"
A simple classical probabilistic system (a simple card game) classically
exemplifies Aharonov and Vaidman's "Three-Box 'paradox'" [J. Phys. A 24, 2315
(1991)], implying that the Three-Box example is neither quantal nor a paradox
and leaving one less difficulty to busy the interpreters of quantum mechanics.
An ambiguity in the usual expression of the retrodiction formula is shown to
have misled Albert, Aharonov, and D'Amato [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 5 (1985)] to a
result not, in fact, "curious"; the discussion illustrates how to avoid this
ambiguity.Comment: 10 pages. v4: As published, with corrections and updated reference
Uniqueness of a convex sum of products of projectors
Relative to a given factoring of the Hilbert space, the decomposition of an
operator into a convex sum of products over sets of distinct 1-projectors, one
set linearly independent, is unique.Comment: 4 pages. v2: Minor clarifications in Section III; as accepted for
publication in J Math Phy
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