Art Therapy And Autism: Listening To Voices And Critiquing Art Therapy Through Materials And Processes

Autistic people are not being asked about their experiences, perceptions, thoughts, or opinions. There is a discrepancy between what researchers of art therapy are accounting for, and what autistic individuals express through experience. While art has meaningful benefits for all learners, especially autistic people, individuals receiving art therapy oftentimes do not authentically benefit from art therapy in the ways that researchers describe. Using collections of writings and art by autistic individuals, their personal accounts and experiences are placed in conversation with current research on art therapy with autistic individuals. Emphasizing material usage serves the purpose of grounding art therapy in the artmaking process. Because of the current dominance of the medical model and pathology paradigm, art therapists are attempting to treat symptoms of ASD, commonly through the use of Applied Behavior Analysis therapy, which has caused trauma to countless individuals on the autism spectrum. Shifting towards the neurodiversity paradigm would recognize and respect diverse minds and ways of being as valuable. Proposed is a call for a paradigm shift from the pathology paradigm towards the neurodiversity paradigm. Further research on the subject of art therapy and autistic individuals must prioritize the voices, opinions, and experiences of people with ASD

Dose Response Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in a Rural School Mental Health Program

School mental health (SMH) programs have been shown to be effective in providing empirically-based treatment to youth. However, a limitation of SMH programs is that they entail holiday breaks and typically do not operate over the summer, along with the fact that they often require pulling students from instruction time for therapy. These time limitations suggest that treatment needs to be expeditious and potent. Although researchers have investigated dose response for adults, no studies were located that addressed the question of dose response in SMH programs. The purpose of the present study was to address this gap in the literature by evaluating the dose response to SMH treatment in a sample of adolescents.Results showed an average treatment response of a 26.81-point decrease in YOQ- 30 score across 14 sessions of CBT. Further, adolescents exhibited reliable change in YOQ-30 score within an average of 2.91 sessions. Finally, it was found that baseline scores on the Depression and Hyperactivity subscales of the BASC-2, along with total YOQ-30 score, reliably predicted treatment response. These findings not only advance our understanding of dose response to CBT in SMH settings, but they create opportunities to better inform, individualize, and prescribe effective treatment strategies in similar contexts

The effect of electronic cookery upon the appearance and palatability of a yellow cake

The magical quality of electronic cookery was first sensed by Percy Spencer of the Raytheon Manufacturing Company when he became conscious that the melting of a chocolate bar in his pocket was caused by its proximity to a magnetron tube. From such a beginning, the Radarange, the first electronic range, was developed and manufactured. This range, an institution-type, was first used on an experimental basis for approximately ten years. In 1954 the electronic range came on the market for commercial use by public eating places. In the latter part of that same year, a home-style electronic range was introduced to the consumer by the Tappan Stove Company. To date, four companies - Kelvinator Division of American Motors Corporation, RCA Whirlpool Corporation, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, and Tappan Stove Company - have purchased the rights to the use of the magnetron, source of microwave energy, from the Raytheon Manufacturing Company

The world of Carson McCullers

The fiction of Carson McCullers depicts a distinct, unique world characterized by its emphasis on the bizarre and grotesque. It is a world inhabited by freaks and outcasts whose experiences, removed from the realm of the ordinary, are violent, abrupt, and terrible. Her heroes, unacceptable and alienated by their freakishness, live in a world made unendurably lonely by the failure of love and communication. The horrible spiritual isolation inevitable in a world where love fails and dialogue ends in frustration is one of Carson McCullers' favorite themes, and she persistently develops it in all her writing. It is the nature of this theme that governs her choice of the unusual and grotesque. Throughout all her work Carson McCullers, trying to teach about the nature of love and the attendant loneliness and pain, depends extensively on the use of symbolism. It is because the expression of her major themes is predominantly symbolic that the freaks and outcasts and their experiences have a meaning beyond the realistic, narrative level of the novel

The legal aspects of disciplinary suspension and expulsion practice and policy at major tax-supported colleges and universities in South Carolina

The administration of discipline at tax-supported colleges and universities has seen great change and evolution during the past thirty years, with significant case law and authoritative literature emerging from the landmark Dixon case of 1961. The major purpose of this study was the assessment of disciplinary procedures and policies used by the 11 major tax-supported colleges and universities in South Carolina, and an analysis of those procedures and policies in light of prevailing case law and authoritative opinion. The study was developed through descriptive and historical analyses of case law, legal trends, and authoritative legal and educational opinion regarding disciplinary due process and related issues at tax-supported institutions. Descriptive data and information concerning disciplinary practices at the eleven colleges and universities were collected and analyzed in terms of consensus findings resulting from the analysis of case law and expert opinion. The resulting analysis provides institutional disciplinary administrators with an assessment of their institutions' disciplinary policies and procedures, and guidelines for the retention, modification, and addition to their practices

An Evaluation Of An Interdisciplinary Rural School Mental Health Programme In Appalachia

School mental health (SMH) programmes serve as a necessary niche within rural communities and aim to bring accessible care to youth who may otherwise go without mental health services. The following study evaluated the impact of mental health treatment provided by the Assessment, Support, and Counseling (ASC) Center, an SMH health initiative located within a high school in rural western North Carolina during the 2011 – 2012 school year. Participants were high school students between 14 and 18 years of age, predominately Caucasian (91.3%) and female (65.5%). Treatment was evaluated based on score change on the Youth Outcome Questionnaire using the reliable change index (RCI; Jacobson & Truax, 1991) to track changes in symptomatology. Following ASC Center treatment, 63% of the clinical sample was deemed to have improved or recovered based on the RCI. While the study did not use an experimental design (with associated cautions regarding interpretation of findings), the results suggest that a moderate dosage of cognitive-behavioural therapy provided to adolescents in the context of a rural SMH programme is associated with reliable change for the majority of youth who take part in the treatment

Treatment Outcome of Alcoholics with and without Cocaine Disorders

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65587/1/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00939.x.pd

Traction forces generated during studded boot‐surface interactions on third‐generation artificial turf: A novel mechanistic perspective

The traction forces generated during studded boot–surface interactions affect player performance and injury risk. Over 20 years of empirical research into traction on third generation (3G) artificial turf has met with only limited success in supporting the development of safer surfaces and boots. Thus, the purpose of this perspective article is to present a conceptual framework for generating scientific understanding on 3G turf traction through a novel mechanistic approach. A three-stage framework is proposed. Firstly, the hypothesized traction mechanisms and related analytical equations are identified, namely: friction between the boot outsole and surface; shear resistance of the performance infill layer to the outsole; and compressive resistance of the performance infill layer to horizontal stud displacement. Secondly, a Concept Map is generated to visually represent the contribution of the thirtynine variables identified as directly affecting the traction response. Finally, a Research Roadmap is constructed to guide the direction of future traction studies towards the development of safer surfaces and boots as well as improved mechanical tests to assess surface safety. The proposed framework represents the first attempt to deconstruct bootsurface interactions and hypothesize the science behind the mobilization of traction forces

Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces Methotrexate-induced intestinal mucosal injury in rat

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Arginine (ARG) and nitric oxide maintain the mucosal integrity of the intestine in various intestinal disorders. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of oral ARG supplementation on intestinal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis following methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal damage in a rat.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male rats were divided into four experimental groups: Control rats, CONTR-ARG rats, were treated with oral ARG given in drinking water 72 hours before and 72 hours following vehicle injection, MTX rats were treated with a single dose of methotrexate, and MTX-ARG rats were treated with oral ARG following injection of MTX. Intestinal mucosal damage, mucosal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and enterocyte apoptosis were determined 72 hours following MTX injection. RT-PCR was used to determine bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>MTX-ARG rats demonstrated greater jejunal and ileal bowel weight, greater ileal mucosal weight, greater ileal mucosal DNA and protein levels, greater villus height in jejunum and ileum and crypt depth in ileum, compared to MTX animals. A significant decrease in enterocyte apoptosis in the ileum of MTX-ARG rats (vs MTX) was accompanied by decreased bax mRNA and protein expression and increased bcl-2 protein levels.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Treatment with oral ARG prevents mucosal injury and improves intestinal recovery following MTX- injury in the rat.</p