Vitamin D levels in children admitted to the endocrine outpatient clinic

Giriş: D vitamini, kalsiyum ve fosfor metabolizmasını düzenler; eksikliğinde çocukluk çağında riketse yol açar. Ayrıca D vitamininin otoimmün hastalıklar, enflamatuvar barsak hastalığı, romatoid artrit, multipl skleroz, diyabet, birçok kanser çeşidi ve kalp hastalıklarının gelişmesinde rol oynadığı bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, çocuk endokrinolojisi polikliniğimizde D vitamini düzeyleri [25-hidroksi vitamin D (25-OH D)] tayin edilen hastalarımızın D vitamini düzeyleri kayıtları değerlendirilerek D vitamini eksikliği sıklığı ve bununla ilişkili faktörlerin araştırılması planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kış aylarında Ocak ve Nisan ayları arasında, 25-OH D düzeyleri tayin edilen 171 hasta çocuk ve adölesanın (83 kız, 88 erkek) hastane kayıtları incelendi. D vitamini düzeyi 20 ng/mL ise normal olarak tanımlandı. Bulgular: Hastalarımızın ortalama yaşları 11,78±4 (3-18) yıl idi. Yüz otuzu pubertal, 41’i prepubertal dönemde idi. Hastaların 40’ı tip 1 diyabet, 47’si obezite, 84’ü diğer endokrin hastalıklar nedeniyle izlenmekteydi. Hastaların 23’ünde (%13,4) normal 25-OH D düzeyi saptandı. Yüz kırk sekiz hastada (%86,6) 25- OH D <20 ng/mL idi. Bunların 88’inde (%51,5) D vitamini eksikliği, 60’ında (%35,1) D vitamini yetmezliği saptandı. 25-OH D düzeyleri; kızlarda erkeklerden ve pubertal çocuklarda prepubertal çocuklardan daha düşük (sırasıyla p<0,01; p<0,05) idi. Tip 1 diyabetlilerin %93’ünde, obezlerin %87’sinde, diğer hastalıklar grubunun %83’ünde D vitamini eksikliği/yetmezliği saptandı. Diyabetlilerde D vitamini düzeyleri hem obezlerden, hem de diğer hastalık grubundan daha düşük idi (her ikisi için p<0,01). Sonuç: Endokrinolojik bir hastalığı olan çocuk ve adölesanlarda kış aylarında oldukça yüksek sıklıkta D vitamini eksikliği/yetersizliği olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu bulgu; D vitamini profilaksi programlarının daha önce tanımlanmış riskli grupların yanında, kronik hastalığı olan çocuk ve adölesanlara da rutin olarak uygulanması gerektiğini akla getirmiştir.Introduction: Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency results in rickets and it has been reported that vitamin D plays role in the development of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, many kinds of cancer and heart diseases. Herein, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated factors by evaluating the records of the patients whose vitamin D levels [25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D)] were determined in our endocrine clinic Materials and Methods: During winter between January and April, the hospital records of children and adolescents whose age ranged from 3 to 18 years among 171 patients were investigated. Vitamin D levels higher than the 20 ng/mL were defined as normal, <12 ng/mL were defined as deficient, 12-20 ng/mL as insufficient. Results: The mean age of the patients was 11.78±4 (3-18) years. Hundred and thirty patients were in pubertal period and 41 patients were in prepubertal period. Diagnoses were type 1 diabetes in 40 patients, obesity in 47 patients and other endocrine diseases in 84 patients. Twenty three patients (13.4%) had normal vitamin D levels. In 148 patients (86.6%), 25-OH D levels were <20 ng/mL. Eighty eight (51.5%) of these patients had vitamin D deficiency and 60 (35.1%) patients were found to have vitamin D insufficiency. 25-OH D levels were lower in girls than in boys and lower in pubertal children than in prepubertal children (p<0.01; p<0.05), respectively. Vitamin D levels in diabetics and in the obese were lower than the other disease groups (in both p<0.01). Conclusions: Children and adolescents with endocrine diseases have a relatively high frequency of vitamin D deficiency during winter. These findings suggest that vitamin D prophylaxis programs should be applied not only to the previously identified risk groups but also to all children and adolescents with chronic diseases

Effectiveness of two different methods for pain reduction during insulin injection in children with type 1 diabetes: Buzzy and shotblocker

WOS:000451848700008PubMed:30307692Background Repeated injections may prevent children from performing insulin administration (skip dosing) and may cause anxiety. Aims Methods To compare the effect of ShotBlocker and the combination of vibration and cold application (Buzzy) in reducing pain during insulin administration in children. This research was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study. The study sample consisted of 60 children aged between 6 and 12 years who were diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes and received insulin from the Child Endocrinology Department of the medical faculty in Eskisehir Osmangazi University between May 2015 and June 2017. The children were randomized into the Buzzy (n = 20), ShotBlocker (n = 20), and control (n = 20) groups. Three instruments were used to obtain the research data: Interview and Observation Form, Children's Anxiety and Pain Scale (CAPS), and Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R). Results Linking Evidence to Action The mean age of the children was 9.43 +/- 2.18 years (range 6-12 years). There were no significant differences among preprocedural anxiety levels of the study groups in terms of self-, parent-, and observer-reported levels (p = .935, p = .374, and p = .680, respectively). Children in the control group had higher levels of pain than children in the Buzzy and ShotBlocker groups (p = .008, p = .007, and p > .001, respectively). There was a significant difference between the groups with procedural anxiety levels reported by the family and observer (p = .006 and p = .002, respectively), favoring the intervention groups. Nurses should be aware of pain during insulin injection and use methods for pain relief accordingly. ShotBlocker is recommended as a helpful option in cases where a pain control method is required.Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Scientific Research Projects Unit [09-M-15]Our research was supported by Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Project No. 09-M-15)

Quality-of-life Evaluation of Healthy Siblings of Children with Chronic Illness

Chronic disease of children can cause changes in the health-related quality of life (HrQoL) of the family members