Policy Objective of Military Intervention and Public Attitudes: A Conjoint Experiment from US and Turkey

This paper scrutinizes the role of the principal policy objective of military intervention in conditioning citizen attitudes for the use of force. Extending the scope of analysis beyond the independent effects, it next assesses how the effects of two core variables of intervention, namely international organizations' approval of the operation and the regime type of the target country, vary for interventions with differing mandates. The results of the conjoint experiment in two dissimilar cases, the US and Turkey, show that despite substantial changes in relative support for different types of operations, policy objective is still a highly potent determinant of individual attitudes. The results also concur that compared to foreign policy restraint and humanitarian missions, individuals are more sensitive to international organizations' endorsements of the use of force for peace and internal political change operations. Finally, individuals are significantly disapproving of operations that seek internal political changes in democratic targets, though in contrast to the democratic peace theory, for other types of interventions, they are indifferent to the regime type of the opponent

The role of identity in support for supranational integration in EU Foreign and Security Policies

This paper examines the effect of popular identification with Europe and the European Union on the level of governments' willingness to consent to supranational reforms of foreign and security policies. Applying ordinary least squares (OLS) regression on a series of statistical analyses based on data provided by Eurobarometer and state positions prior to the three major EU treaties (the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty and the 2004 Constitutional Treaty), this paper concludes that higher levels of European identification by citizens greatly increase domestic support for joint decision-making in foreign and defence policies which in turn pushes governments to adopt more integrationist positions during negotiations

Case Study: Narmada Dams Controversy

This case study looks at one of the more famous instances of transnational involvement in stakeholder struggles over large dams: the long-running contention over dam construction on the Narmada Rover in India. Though proposals to build large dams on the Narmada inspired political controversy from the day the first proposals were made in 1947-48, only in the mid-1980s did the controversy take on the transnational aspects for which it is now famous as critics took up the cause of those who would be displaced as the reservoirs created by the dams filled up and raised environmental concerns about the project

When to Not Respond in Kind? Individuals' Expectations of the Future and Their Support for Reciprocity in Foreign Policy

This paper investigates if individuals' negative assessments of the future drive micro-level reluctance for international cooperation and reciprocal behavior, a core principle of multilateralism. To test our theoretical expectations, we field online survey experiments on a sample of over 3000 respondents in the US and Turkey in October-November 2020. The experimental results show that on average, individuals are fairly sensitive to target countries' policy actions and are inclined to reciprocate when contemplating whether to increase contributions to UN or consent to bilateral trade liberalization. Yet, further analyses concur that individual inclinations to reciprocate are substantially moderated by their future expectations. Specifically, individuals who are more pessimistic about their material prospects remain fairly indifferent to the positive actions of other countries, but are more likely to penalize negative foreign policy actions by reciprocating in kind

Narmada dams controversy -- case summary

"This case study looks at one of the more famous instances of transnational involvement in stakeholder struggles over large dams: the long-running contention over dam construction on the Narmada River in India. Though proposals to build large dams on the Narmada inspired political controversy from the day the first proposals were made in 1947-48, only in the mid-1980s did the controversy take on the transnational aspects for which it is now famous as critics took up the cause of those who would be displaced as the reservoirs created by the dams filled up and raised environmental concerns about the project." Part of the International Dimensions of Ethics Education in Science and Engineering Case Studies Series

Case Study: Recruitment of Egg Donors by South Korean Stem Cell Researchers

This case study examines the controversy surrounding Dr. Hwang Woo-suk\u27s recruitment of egg donors for his team\u27s stem cell research from 2002 through 2005. It explores the international dimensions of ethical standards, the political decentralization of global regulation, and the internationalization of science

Electronic Business in Germany: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives - Results of an Explorative Survey -

The objective of the present contribution is to present the results of an explorative survey in the field of E-Business conducted with German enterprises at the end of the year 2003. The survey aimed to convey a picture of the present stage as well the future trends of E-Business in the German entrepreneurial world. An analysis of the present and future developments of E-Business as well as of the related organisational, technical and human implications for enterprises will be presented. Limitations and open challenges of research as well as the planned further work will be eventually discussed

Head and Neck: Iris Hamartomas

Review on Head and Neck: Iris Hamartomas, with data on clinics, and the genes involved

A Little Help from My Friends: Assessing the Adjustment of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises to Corporate Social Responsibility

With growing environmental and social awareness, corporations are facing rising pressure to engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR); small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are no exception. With operational constraints in resources and time, SMEs may attempt to boost their CSR through external sources. Adopting the perspective of stakeholder theory and drawing from the literature on socialization, this research suggests that the extent to which an SME adjusts to CSR principles mediates the relationship between CSR performance and SME stakeholder knowledge and interaction. This article tests the hypotheses with an online survey of SME owner-managers. The results show a mediating impact of organizational CSR adjustment over and above the direct effects of stakeholder knowledge and stakeholder interaction on CSR performance. The findings also suggest that organizational CSR adjustment directs CSR performance, enabling employees to engage in effective and efficient CSR activities. Theoretically and managerially relevant implications for researchers and SMEs are discussed