KARYOLOGY OF SEVEN TRIFOLIUM L. TAXA GROWING IN TURKEY

The paper reports karyomorphometric features and somatic chromosome numbers for seven Trifolium L. taxa. Three basic chromosome numbers are identified (x=5, 7, 8). Trifolium speciosum Willd. and Trifolium physodes Stev. ex Bieb. var. physodes have somatic chromosome number 2n=16; Trifolium campestre Schreb.. Trifolium pratense L. var. americanum Harz and Trifolium sylvaticum Gerard ex Lois. have 2n=14; Trifolium bocconet Savi has 2n=10; and Trifoiium repens L. var. repens is tetraploid 2n=32. All chromosomes have the centromeres at the median point (M) or median region (m) except for one chromosome of Trifolium sylvaticum Gerard ex Lois, which is submetacentric (sm). The only satellite observed was in the genome of Trifolium bocconei Savi

Karyological studies on eight species of Onobrychis genus in Turkey

This study used karyological techniques to determine the chromosome numbers and morphology of eight species of Onobrychis L. (O. caput-galli (L.) Lam, O. aequidentata (Sibth. & Sm.) d' Urv, O. fallax Freyn & Sint. var. fallax, O. lasiostachya Boiss, O. viciifolia Scop., O. oxyodonta Boiss. subsp. armena (Bois. & Huet) Aktoklu, O. hypargyrea Boiss. and O. cappadocica Boiss.). The results of this study determined the chromosome numbers of O. cappadocica as 2n = 16; O. viciifolia as 2n = 28 and the other species as 2n = 14. The karyotypes of species consisted of median-centromeric (m) or submedian-centromeric (sm) chromosomes. However, O. oxyodonta Boiss. subsp. armena (Bois. & Huet) Aktoklu was found to have only the median-centromeric (m) chromosomes. According to the results of the present study, of the eight Onobrychis taxa, only O. hypargyrea has a pair of satellite chromosomes (sat-chromosome). Furthermore, this study detected karyotype asymmetry

Chromosome counts and karyotype analysis of some representatives of genus Cirsium Mill. (Asteraceae) in Turkey

The chromosome number and karyotype analysis of nine species (10 taxa) of genus Cirsium Mill. distributed in Turkey were analyzed. The somatic chromosome number of Cirsium sipyleum O. Schwarz, C. candelabrum Griseb., C. creticum d'Urv. subsp. creticum, C. elodes M. Bieb., C. subinerme Fisch. & C. A. Mey., C leucopsis DC., C libanoticum DC. subsp. arachnoideum P. H. Davis & Parris and C. arvense (L.) Scop. were determined as 2n=2x=34. Cirsium pubigerum DC. var. caniforme Petr. and var. paphlagonicum Petr. showed 2n=4x=68 chromosome numbers. The chromosomes of the examined taxa predominantly have median region (m) and rarely median point (M) and submedian region (sm) karyotypes. The chromosome number and morphology of Cirsium sipyleum, C. pubigerum var. paphlagonicum, C. leucopsis and C libanoticum subsp. arachnoideum are newly reported in the present study

Karyological studies of 10 Cirsium sect. Epitrachys (Asteraceae) species from Turkey

Detailed karyotype properties were established for 10 Cirsium Mill. sect. Epitrachys DC. species distributed in Turkey. The species Cirsium ligulare Boiss., C. sintenisii Freyn, C. boluense P. H. Davis & Parris, C. eriophorum (L.) Scop., C. steirolepis Petr., C. baytopae P. H. Davis & Parris, C. poluninii P. H. Davis & Parris, C. ciliatum (Murray) Moench subsp. szovitsii (K. Koch) Petr., C. ellenbergii Bornm., and C. vulgare (Savi) Ten. have the somatic chromosome number 2n = 2x = 34, whereas C. sintenisii and C. vulgare showed 2n = 4x = 68. The chromosome numbers of C. sintenisii, C. boluense, C. baytopae, C. poluninii, and C. ellenbergii are newly reported here. Karyotype analysis indicated that chromosomes of Cirsium taxa generally have median region (m) and rarely median point (M) and submedian region (sm) karyotypes. The findings for each of the analyzed taxa are compared with the results of previous studies

The effect of montelukast sodium on serum arginase levels in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) imbalance appears to be important in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. NO is synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS). Competing with NOS for L-arginine is arginase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to urea and ornithine. Therefore, increased serum arginase activity could potentially limit NO production catalyzed by inducible NOS, thus contributing to allergic rhinitis. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist, montelukast sodium on serum arginase levels in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis

Effects of Electromagnetic Waves Emitted by Mobile Phones on Germination, Root Growth, and Root Tip Cell Mitotic Division of Lens culinaris Medik

In this study, the effects of electromagnetic waves emitted from mobile phones operating at 1800 MHz were investigated on germination, root growth and mitotic division of root tips of Lens culinaris Medik. Seeds were split into three groups. The first group was exposed to a mobile phone electromagnetic field for 48 hours at the state of dormancy, and the second group was exposed to the same electromagnetic field at the state of division. The third group, the control group, was not exposed to an electromagnetic field beyond the natural background. The results obtained in the study indicate that electromagnetic waves emitted from mobile phones affect seeds in the state of dormancy more than the state of germination. Germination rate was not affected under the specified exposure conditions, but root growth decreased due to a possible effect of oxidative stress in the state of dormant seeds. There was also a noticeable increment in the c-mitosis rates, especially in the state of dormant seeds. The reason for this increment could be problems in spindle function

Karyological investigation of six Achillea L. (Asteraceae) species growing in Turkey

The chromosome number and morphology in six species of the sections Babounya (DC.) O. Hoffm. and Achillea of the genus Achillea L. (Asteraceae) were investigated using karyological techniques. Sample plants and seeds of A. santolinoides Lag. subsp. wilhelmsii (K. Koch.) Greuter, A. falcata L., A. magnifica Hub. - Mor., A. pannonica Scheele, A. crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit. and A. nobilis L. subsp neilreichii (A. Kern.) Formanek were collected from natural habitats in 2005. The chromosome number found in six species was 2n = 18. All chromosomes had median point (M), median region (m), and submedian (sm) centromers. An increase in asymmetry was not observed in the karyotypes of the species studied. None of the studied species had any B chromosomes

Decoding type 2 diabetes mellitus genetic risk variants in Pakistani Pashtun ethnic population using the nascent whole exome sequencing and MassARRAY genotyping: A case-control association study.

Genome-wide association studies have greatly increased the number of T2DM associated risk variants but most of them have focused on populations of European origin. There is scarcity of such studies in developing countries including Pakistan. High prevalence of T2DM in Pakistani population prompted us to design this study. We have devised a two stage (the discovery stage and validation stage) case-control study in Pashtun ethnic population in which 500 T2DM cases and controls each have been recruited to investigate T2DM genetic risk variants. In discovery stage Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was used to identify and suggest T2DM pathogenic SNPs, based on SIFT and Polyphen scores; whereas in validation stage the selected variants were confirmed for T2DM association using MassARRAY genotyping and appropriate statistical tests. Results of the study showed the target positive association of rs1801282/PPARG (OR = 1.24, 95%Cl = 1.20-1.46, P = 0.010), rs745975/HNF4A (OR = 1.30, 95%Cl = 1.06-1.38, P = 0.004), rs806052/GLIS3 (OR = 1.32, 95%Cl = 1.07-1.66, P = 0.016), rs8192552/MTNR1B (OR = 1.53, 95%Cl = 0.56-1.95, P = 0.012) and rs1805097/IRS-2 (OR = 1.27, 95%Cl = 1.36-1.92, P = 0.045), with T2DM; whereas rs6415788/GLIS3, rs61788900/NOTCH2, rs61788901/NOTCH2 and rs11810554/NOTCH2 (P>0.05) showed no significant association. Identification of genetic risk factors/variants can be used in defining high risk subjects assessment, and disease prevention