825 research outputs found
Determination of Interface Atomic Structure and Its Impact on Spin Transport Using Z-Contrast Microscopy and Density-Functional Theory
We combine Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy with
density-functional-theory calculations to determine the atomic structure of the
Fe/AlGaAs interface in spin-polarized light-emitting diodes. A 44% increase in
spin-injection efficiency occurs after a low-temperature anneal, which produces
an ordered, coherent interface consisting of a single atomic plane of
alternating Fe and As atoms. First-principles transport calculations indicate
that the increase in spin-injection efficiency is due to the abruptness and
coherency of the annealed interface.Comment: 16 pages (including cover), 4 figure
Data-driven simulation and characterisation of gold nanoparticle melting
The simulation and analysis of the thermal stability of nanoparticles, a stepping stone towards their application in technological devices, require fast and accurate force fields, in conjunction with effective characterisation methods. In this work, we develop efficient, transferable, and interpretable machine learning force fields for gold nanoparticles based on data gathered from Density Functional Theory calculations. We use them to investigate the thermodynamic stability of gold nanoparticles of different sizes (1 to 6 nm), containing up to 6266 atoms, concerning a solid-liquid phase change through molecular dynamics simulations. We predict nanoparticle melting temperatures in good agreement with available experimental data. Furthermore, we characterize the solid-liquid phase change mechanism employing an unsupervised learning scheme to categorize local atomic environments. We thus provide a data-driven definition of liquid atomic arrangements in the inner and surface regions of a nanoparticle and employ it to show that melting initiates at the outer layers
Biaxial strain tuning of exciton energy and polarization in monolayer WS2
We perform micro-photoluminescence and Raman experiments to examine the
impact of biaxial tensile strain on the optical properties of WS2 monolayers. A
strong shift on the order of -130 meV per % of strain is observed in the
neutral exciton emission at room temperature. Under near-resonant excitation we
measure a monotonic decrease in the circular polarization degree under applied
strain. We experimentally separate the effect of the strain-induced energy
detuning and evaluate the pure effect coming from biaxial strain. The analysis
shows that the suppression of the circular polarization degree under biaxial
strain is related to an interplay of energy and polarization relaxation
channels as well as to variations in the exciton oscillator strength affecting
the long-range exchange interaction.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figure
Spatially selective reversible charge carrier density tuning in WS_2 monolayers via photochlorination
Chlorine-doped tungsten disulfide monolayer (1L-WS_2) with tunable charge carrier concentration has been realized by pulsed laser irradiation of the atomically thin lattice in a precursor gas atmosphere. This process gives rise to a systematic shift of the neutral exciton peak towards lower energies, indicating reduction of the crystal's electron density. The capability to progressively tune the carrier density upon variation of the exposure time is demonstrated; this indicates that the Fermi level shift is directly correlated to the respective electron density modulation due to the chlorine species. Notably, this electron withdrawing process enabled the determination of the trion binding energy of the intrinsic crystal, found to be as low as 20 meV, in accordance to theoretical predictions. At the same time, it is found that the effect can be reversed upon continuous wave laser scanning of the monolayer in air. Scanning auger microscopy (SAM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to link the actual charge carrier doping to the different chlorine configurations in the monolayer lattice. The spectroscopic analyses, complemented by density functional theory calculations, reveal that chlorine physisorption is responsible for the carrier density modulation induced by the pulsed laser photochemical reaction process. Such bidirectional control of the Fermi level, coupled with the capability offered by lasers to process at pre-selected locations, can be advantageously used for spatially resolved doping modulation in 1L-WS_2 with micrometric resolution. This method can also be extended for the controllable doping of other TMD monolayers
Electrical Spin Pumping of Quantum Dots at Room Temperature
We report electrical control of the spin polarization of InAs/GaAs
self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) at room temperature. This is achieved by
electrical injection of spin-polarized electrons from an Fe Schottky contact.
The circular polarization of the QD electroluminescence shows that a 5%
electron spin polarization is obtained in the InAs QDs at 300 K, which is
remarkably insensitive to temperature. This is attributed to suppression of the
spin relaxation mechanisms in the QDs due to reduced dimensionality. These
results demonstrate that practical regimes of spin-based operation are clearly
attainable in solid state semiconductor devices.Comment: 4 figures, accepted by Appl. Phys. Let
Reduction Of Spin Injection Efficiency by Interface Spin Scattering
We report the first experimental demonstration that interface microstructure
limits diffusive electrical spin injection efficiency across heteroepitaxial
interfaces. A theoretical treatment shows that the suppression of spin
injection due to interface defects follows directly from the contribution of
the defect potential to the spin-orbit interaction, resulting in enhanced
spin-flip scattering. An inverse correlation between spin-polarized electron
injection efficiency and interface defect density is demonstrated for
ZnMnSe/AlGaAs-GaAs spin-LEDs with spin injection efficiencies of 0 to 85%.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures; submitted to PR
Understanding the potential in vitro modes of action of bis(β‐diketonato) oxovanadium(IV) complexes
To understand the potential in vitro modes of action of bis(β-diketonato) oxovanadium(IV) complexes, nine compounds of varying functionality have been screened using a range of biological techniques. The antiproliferative activity against a range of cancerous and normal cell lines has been determined, and show these complexes are particularly sensitive against the lung carcinoma cell line, A549. Annexin V (apoptosis) and Caspase-3/7 assays were studied to confirm these complexes induce programmed cell death. While gel electrophoresis was used to determine DNA cleavage activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the Comet assay was used to determine induced genomic DNA damage. Additionally, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based DNA melting and fluorescent intercalation displacement assays have been used to determine the interaction of the complexes with double strand (DS) DNA and to establish preferential DNA base-pair binding (AT versus GC)
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