Effects of local habitat variation on the behavioral ecology of two sympatric groups of brown howler monkey (alouatta clamitans)

Although the brown howler monkey (Alouatta clamitans) is a relatively well-studied Neotropical primate, its behavioral and dietary flexibility at the intra-population level remains poorly documented. This study presents data collected on the behavior and ecology of two closely located groups of brown howlers during the same period at the RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala in southeastern Brazil. One group occupied a primary valley habitat, henceforth the Valley Group (VG), and the other group occupied a regenerating hillside habitat, the Hill Group (HG). We hypothesized differences in the behavior and ecological parameters between these sympatric groups due to the predicted harsher conditions on the hillside, compared to the valley. We measured several habitat parameters within the home range of both groups and collected data on the activity budget, diet and day range lengths, from August to November 2005, between dawn and dusk. In total, behavioral data were collected for 26 (318 h) and 28 (308 h) sampling days for VG and HG, respectively. As we predicted, HG spent significantly more time feeding and consumed less fruit and more leaves than VG, consistent with our finding that the hillside habitat was of lower quality. However, HG also spent less time resting and more time travelling than VG, suggesting that the monkeys had to expend more time and energy to obtain high-energy foods, such as fruits and flowers that were more widely spaced in their hill habitat. Our results revealed that different locations in this forest vary in quality and raise the question of how different groups secure their home ranges. Fine-grained comparisons such as this are important to prioritize conservation and management areas within a reserve

Multi-taxa surveys: Integrating ecosystem processes and user demands

Globally, natural resource management agencies are increasingly recognizing the importance of long-term ecological research (LTER) for monitoring biodiversity, ranging from relatively simple, known, local-level issues, such as managing tourist impacts in a conservation park, to more complex, multifaceted, pervasive, and far-reaching impacts, such as global climate change. Much previous literature has confused protocols for LTER projects to answer current research questions, with developing a system for long-term ecological monitoring. Contrary to perceptions that these LTER systems are not driven by well-defined objectives, we argue that LTER systems can be designed and implemented with the specific objective of providing a basis for both LTER projects and long-term monitoring. We present an overview of RAPELD, an LTER system developed in Brazil, with comparable infrastructure established in Australia and Nepal. The standardized biodiversity infrastructure and research platform provides a long-term basis for powerful multi-disciplinary, multi-scale analyses. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. All rights are reserved