Challenging cases of professionalism in Japan: improvement in understanding of professional behaviors among Japanese residents between 2005 and 2013.

BackgroundProfessionalism is deemed as the basis of physicians' contract with society in Japan. Our study in 2005, using a questionnaire with scenarios to professionalism, suggested that many physicians at various levels of training in Japan encounter challenges when responding to these common scenarios related to professionalism. It is unclear how medical professionalism has changed among Japanese residents in over time.MethodsWe conducted a follow-up survey about challenges to professionalism for Japanese residents using the same Barry Questionnaire after a seven-year interval from the prior survey. The survey uses six clinical scenarios with multiple choice responses. The six cases include the following challenges: acceptance of gifts; conflict of interest; confidentiality; physician impairment; sexual harassment; and honesty in documentation. Each scenario is followed by 4 or 5 possible responses, including the "best" and the "second best" responses. The survey was conducted as a part of nationwide general medicine in-training examination.ResultsWe collected data from 1,049 participants (290 women, 28%; 431 PGY-1 and 618 PGY-2 residents). Overall, the current residents performed better than their colleagues in the earlier survey for five scenarios (gifts, conflict of interest, confidentiality, impairment, and honesty) but not for the harassment scenario. PGY-2 residents were more likely to select either the best or 2nd best choices to gifts (p = 0.002) and harassment (p = 0.031) scenarios than PGY-1 residents. Residents in the current study chose either the best or 2nd best choices to the gifts (p < 0.001) and honesty (p < 0.001) scenarios than those of the previous study conducted seven years ago, but not for the harassment scenario (p = 0.004).ConclusionsOur study suggests that there is improvement of medical professionalism with respect to some ethical challenges among the Japanese residents in the current study compared to those in our previous study

Preoperative Evaluation of Computed Tomography Perfusion: Its Significance for the Risk Assessment of Cerebrovascular Complications Perioperatively1

Neurological complications occur with an overall frequency of 2.8% perioperatively. Although ultrasound imaging is an excellent modality for the risk assessment of carotid arterial diseases, no comprehensive information can be obtained with respect to the intracranial cerebral blood flow. Recent advent of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging has made it possible to directly measure the cerebral blood flow at any intracranial region of interest. We describe here an efficacy of CT perfusion imaging in the preoperative settings for the risk assessment of neurological complications, especially in cases with carotid arterial stenosis/occlusion

GPI Glycan Remodeling by PGAP5 Regulates Transport of GPI-Anchored Proteins from the ER to the Golgi

SummaryMany eukaryotic proteins are attached to the cell surface via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. How GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are trafficked from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cell surface is poorly understood, but the GPI moiety has been postulated to function as a signal for sorting and transport. Here, we established mutant cells that were selectively defective in transport of GPI-APs from the ER to the Golgi. We identified a responsible gene, designated PGAP5 (post-GPI-attachment to proteins 5). PGAP5 belongs to a dimetal-containing phosphoesterase family and catalyzed the remodeling of the glycan moiety on GPI-APs. PGAP5 catalytic activity is a prerequisite for the efficient exit of GPI-APs from the ER. Our data demonstrate that GPI glycan acts as an ER-exit signal and suggest that glycan remodeling mediated by PGAP5 regulates GPI-AP transport in the early secretory pathway

Photoinduced Catalytic Organic-Hydride Transfer to CO₂ Mediated with Ruthenium Complexes as NAD⁺/NADH Redox Couple Models

ルテニウム錯体を触媒とする有機ヒドリドを介した二酸化炭素光還元 --新たな人工光合成系の創製に向けて--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-02-07.The catalytic organic-hydride transfer to CO2 was first achieved through the photoinduced two-electron reduction of the [Ru(bpy)2(pbn)]²⁺/[Ru(bpy)2(pbnHH)]²⁺ (bpy=2, 2'-bipyridine, pbn=2-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[b]-1, 5-naphthyridine, and pbnHH=2-(pyridin-2-yl)-5, 10-dihydrobenzo[b]-1, 5-naphthyridine) redox couple in the presence of 1, 3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH). The active species for the catalytic hydride transfer to carbon dioxide giving formate is [Ru(bpy)(bpy⋅−)(pbnHH)]+ formed by one-electron reduction of [Ru(bpy)2(pbnHH)]²⁺ with BI⋅

A Srudy on the Changes of the Performance Space in Awa-Dance

阿波踊りのパフォーマンス空間は、利用される公共空間や運営管理、仮設の装置、踊り集団によって一丁廻り期、桟敷及び審査場・競演場期、演舞場期、演舞場・街角踊り期の4つに分けることができる。一丁廻り期、その踊り範囲は、藩政期は町民地、明治期以降は市内全体へと広がった。踊り集団は地域に帰属するコミュニティで形成され、地域の街路や空地で踊った。桟敷及び審査場・競演場期は、阿波踊りが観光化し、踊り手・見手の関係をつくる仮設の装置を作った。このことによって、踊りに「見せる」・「見る」の意識がうまれた。演舞場期は運営組織や管理体制が統一され、さらに阿波踊り全体の規模や個々のパフォーマンス空間を大きくすることができた。また公園や道路整備が進んだことによって、道路以外のパフォーマンス空間も多くつくられた