Multiple-system atrophy and anesthesia

Multiple-system atrophy is an adult-onset progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system, including the spinal cord. There has been no perioperative guideline of the muscle relaxants used in multiple-system atrophy, although a recent article recommends anesthesiologists to use shorter-acting drugs at the lowest possible doses in the patients. Here, we document the first case with multiple-system atrophy undergoing surgery managed with a combination of rocuronium and sugammadex. The recovery time to the train-of-four count 2 after intravenous rocuronium 0.6 mg / kg, or the time from the start of sugammadex 2 mg / kg intravenously to the train-of-four ratio over 0.9 was prolonged in our case more than 20 and 2 minutes compared with those in healthy subjects, respectively. Neuromuscular monitoring, in addition to the careful vigilance in the perioperative period, seems mandatory in the patients

Optimization of Enzyme-Mediated Calcite Precipitation as a Soil-Improvement Technique : The Effect of Aragonite and Gypsum on the Mechanical Properties of Treated Sand

The effectiveness of magnesium as a substitute material in enzyme-mediated calcite precipitation was evaluated. Magnesium sulfate was added to the injecting solution composed of urea, urease, and calcium chloride. The effect of the substitution on the amount of precipitated materials was evaluated through precipitation tests. X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses were conducted to examine the mineralogical morphology of the precipitated minerals and to determine the effect of magnesium on the composition of the precipitated materials. In addition to calcite, aragonite and gypsum were formed as the precipitated materials. The effect of the presence of aragonite and gypsum, in addition to calcite, as a soil-improvement technique was evaluated through unconfined compressive strength tests. Soil specimens were prepared in polyvinyl chloride cylinders and treated with concentration-controlled solutions, which produced calcite, aragonite, and gypsum. The mineralogical analysis revealed that the low and high concentrations of magnesium sulfate effectively promoted the formation of aragonite and gypsum, respectively. The injecting solutions which produced aragonite and calcite brought about a significant improvement in soil strength. The presence of the precipitated materials, comprising 10% of the soil mass within a treated sand, generated a strength of 0.6 MPa

Precision Polishing Techniques for Metal Molding Dies and Glass Forming Technology “Slumping Method”

Precision manufacturing techniques are required for the fabrication of small and large optical components in various fields. To prepare molding dies with highly precise geometric shapes and surface roughness that are used in certain molding processes, polishing techniques have been investigated for many materials. In this research, the polishing techniques used for a SUS310S stainless steel molding die for the glass forming technology “slumping method” were investigated. The surface roughness of the polished SUS310S molding die surface was below Rz = 120 nm (P–V), Ra = 20 nm after 35 h of polishing with 0.5% alumina polishing liquid under a pressure of 1.7 kPa. In addition, the centerless polishing machine was designed and manufactured to polish cylindrical molding die surfaces with same polishing conditions. As the result of using cylindrical molding dies that made by this centerless polishing machine, the surface roughness of the glass plate formed using the slumping method with the polished molding die was below Ra = 20 nm. These results indicate that the surface roughness of the molding die had a small effect on the glass plate surface formed using the slumping method

潜在変数モデルを用いた空間移動データ分析

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 喜連川 優, 東京大学教授 安達 淳, 東京大学教授 伊庭 斉志, 東京大学教授 江崎 浩, 東京大学准教授 川原 圭博University of Tokyo(東京大学

潜在変数モデルを用いた空間移動データ分析

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 喜連川 優, 東京大学教授 安達 淳, 東京大学教授 伊庭 斉志, 東京大学教授 江崎 浩, 東京大学准教授 川原 圭博University of Tokyo(東京大学

Evaluation of an association between plasma total homocysteine and schizophrenia by a Mendelian randomization analysis

Background: The results of meta-analyses conducted by previous association studies between total homocysteine and schizophrenia suggest that an elevated total homocysteine level is a risk factor for schizophrenia. However, observational studies have potential limitations, such as confounding and reverse causation. In the present study, we evaluated a causal relationship between plasma total homocysteine and schizophrenia by conducting a Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods: We used the MTHFR C677T polymorphism as an instrumental variable, which affects the plasma total homocysteine levels. To calculate the risk estimate for the association of this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with schizophrenia, we conducted a meta-analysis of case–control studies that comprise a total of 11,042 patients with schizophrenia and 14,557 control subjects. We obtained an estimate for the association of this SNP with the plasma total homocysteine levels from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies comprising 44,147 individuals. Results: By combining these two estimates, we demonstrated a significant effect of the plasma total homocysteine on schizophrenia risk, representing an OR of 2.15 (95 % CI = 1.39–3.32; p = 5.3 x 10−4) for schizophrenia per 1-SD increase in the natural log-transformed plasma total homocysteine levels. Conclusions: We provided evidence of a causal relationship between the plasma total homocysteine and schizophrenia, and this result will add insight into the pathology and treatment of schizophrenia

A Route to Indoles via Modified Fischer Indole Intermediates from Sulfonanilides and Ketene Dithioacetal Monoxides

An S−N variant of the N−N‐based Fischer indole synthesis has been developed. Treatment of sulfonanilides and ketene dithioacetal monoxides with a powerful acid anhydride provides N‐sulfonyl‐2‐methylsulfanylindoles. The initial interrupted Pummerer reaction would yield the key S−N‐tethered precursor in situ that then undergoes [3, 3] sigmatropic rearrangement, after which the endgame to the indole ring follows the Fischer manner

4.公共政策と総合政策学に関する提案 : ホリスティックな知の再編成への挑戦(要旨)(公共政策学と産業政策論の統合をめぐる課題について : 総合政策学序論研究の試み)

国民本位の政治システムの確立に向けて政策学の進化が期待されている。そうした趣旨を徹底するために,本学大学院政策研究科博士課程においては,平成13年度の秋学期に教員と学生による共同研究(応用プロジェクト)が実施された。その際の共通テーマは,公共政策学と産業政策学の融合であった。それら双方の研究グループの共同作業により,より広範な政策学,いわゆる総合政策学の確立が希求されてきた。半年間にわたる教員と大学院生による報告と討論が重ねられた。それらの活動成果の一部が本稿において紹介されている。個々の原稿は,必ずしも統一のとれたものとはなっていない。これらの論稿は,公共政策と産業政策の統合を目指した報告の序論的な試みであり,問題意識について,読者の方々の参考に供する事が出来れば,幸いである

(η6-Benzene){2-[2-(tert-butyl­sulfan­yl)phenyl]pyridine-κ2 N,S}chlorido­ruthenium(II) hexa­fluorido­phosphate

In the title compound, [RuCl(C6H6)(C15H17NS)]PF6, the cation adopts a three-legged piano-stool structure around the Ru(II) atom with an η6-benzene ligand, a chloride ligand and a 2-[2-(tert-butyl­sulfan­yl)phen­yl]pyridine (btppy) ligand. The btppy ligand acts as a N,S-bidentate ligand, forming a six-membered ring, which has an envelope conformation. The S—Ru—N bite angle is 86.76 (9)°, and the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings in btppy is 39.8 (2)°. The unit cell contains two pairs of racemic diastereomers with (S Ru,S S) and (R Ru,R S) configurations, in which the tert-butyl group on the coordin­ated S atom is distant from the η6-benzene ligand