Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Spatial and temporal patterns of diarrhoea in Bhutan 2003–2013

Spatial distribution of the posterior means of structured random effects for diarrhoea in Bhutan in Model II. (TIFF 2238 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Spatial and temporal patterns of dengue infections in Timor-Leste, 2005–2013

Results of two rapid test (IgM and IgG). Table S2. Stratified dengue cases by gender and age of Timor-Leste, 2005-2013. (DOCX 14 kb

Additional file 3: Figure S2. of Spatial and temporal patterns of dengue infections in Timor-Leste, 2005–2013

Spatial distribution of the posterior means of structured random effects for dengue in Timor-Leste in Model II. (TIFF 34339 kb

Additional file 2: of Comparative effectiveness of malaria prevention measures: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Figure S1. Results of network meta-analysis of 21 studies with children as a study population. (TIFF 624 kb

Additional file 3: of Comparative effectiveness of malaria prevention measures: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Figure S2. Results of network meta-analysis of 28 studies with incidence of Plasmodium falciparum. (TIFF 631 kb

Additional file 1: of Comparative effectiveness of malaria prevention measures: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Table S1. Search Strategy. Table S2. Meta-analysis of different control measures against NI using the random effects model under the generalized pairwise modeling (GPM) framework in MetaXL. Table S3. Meta-analysis of different control measures against NI using the random effects model under the frequentist multivariate meta-analysis framework (mvmeta) in Stata. Table S4. Quality scale. Table S5. Summary of the excluded studies. Table S6. Drugs used in the included studies. Table S7. Description of ITN’s used across the studies. Table S8. Description of IRS treatments used across the included studies. Table S9. Quality assessment scores of included studies. (DOCX 56 kb

Additional file 4: of Comparative effectiveness of malaria prevention measures: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Figure S3. Funnel plot depicting asymmetry for the PD-NI comparison. (TIFF 1482 kb

Antibiotic resistance in <i>Neisseria gonorrhoea</i> and treatment outcomes of gonococcal urethritis suspected patients in two large hospitals in Bhutan, 2015

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Gonorrhea is a major sexually transmitted infection (STI) globally with increasing trends. Despite limited data, gonorrhea remains an important public health problem in Bhutan.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A descriptive study was carried out in two Bhutanese hospitals; Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital and Phuentsholing General Hospital in 2015. Patients suspected of gonococcal urethritis were sampled, treated and followed up at two weeks. Gonococcal isolates were identified and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by the Calibrated Dichotomous Sensitivity Test (CDS) method.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of the 524 patients, 2.3% (12) were females. Most (46.6%) patients belonged to the 26–35 years age group. About 58% were lost to follow up; 62% (277) of males and all (12) females. <i>N</i>. <i>gonorrhoea</i> was positive in 76% (398) of microscopy and 73.1% (383) by culture. Resistance against ciprofloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid were 85.1%, 99.2%, 84.8% and 99.7% respectively. Nearly all the isolates were sensitive to cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Sixty-seven percent (350) were treated with injection ceftriaxone alone, 32% (169) with ceftriaxone and oral doxycycline and 1% (5) with ceftriaxone, doxycycline and metronidazole. Probable treatment failure was seen only in one patient (0.5%).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Gonococcal resistance to currently used antibiotics was low and there was a high clinical cure rate. Compliance to treatment guidelines need reinforcement addressing antibiotic regimen, tracing sexual partners and addressing the social stigma. National STI programs should be more women-friendly for effective management, prevention and control of STIs. Laboratories must adopt more reliable susceptibility testing methods, the Minimum Inhibition Concentration method.</p></div

Map of Bhutan showing the study sites.

<p>JDWNRH (Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital; PGH (Phuentsholing General Hospital).</p

<i>N</i>. <i>gonorrhoeae</i> antibiotic susceptibility pattern by number and percentages.

<p><i>N</i>. <i>gonorrhoeae</i> antibiotic susceptibility pattern by number and percentages.</p