Dementia as a disease of old age

Background: The increase in chances of dementia with age translates into huge numbers of patients. Her diagnosis is often difficult to indicate and treatment is still about fighting the symptoms and not the disease itself. Material and methods: A review of the literature and WHO research was carried out indicating the greater progression of the disease in old age and the stages of the course of the disease. Results and conclusions:The disease progresses gradually and it is very difficult to make a correct diagnosis in the early stadium. There are various ways to diagnose dementia, but doctors still have a major role to do in close contact with the patient. Rapid diagnosis can significantly slow down the disease, but it cannot be cured completely

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines show high tolerance for siRNA-mediated CDK1 knockdown

Alterations of the cell cycle checkpoints lead to uncontrolled cell growth and result in tumorigenesis. One of the genes essential for cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation is CDK1. This makes it a potential target in cancer therapy. In our previous study we have shown upregulation of this gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Here we analyze the impact of siRNA-mediated CDK1 knockdown on cell proliferation and viability, measured with cell growth monitoring and colorimetric test (CCK8 assay), respectively. We proved that a reduction of CDK1 expression by more than 50% has no effect on these cellular processes in LSCC cell lines (n=2). Moreover, using microarrays, we analyzed global gene expression deregulation in these cell lines after CDK1 knockdown. We searched for enriched ontologies in the group of identified 137 differentially expressed genes (>2-fold change). Within this group we found 3 enriched pathways: protein binding (GO:0005515), mitotic nuclear division (GO:0007067) and transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway (GO:0007169) and a group of 11 genes encoding proteins for which interaction with CDK1 was indicated with the use of bioinformatic tools. Among these genes we propose three: CDK6, CALD1 and FYN as potentially dependent on CDK1

Perinatal and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome in late preterm fetal compromise: the TRUFFLE 2 randomised trial protocol

Introduction: Following the detection of fetal growth restriction, there is no consensus about the criteria that should trigger delivery in the late preterm period. The consequences of inappropriate early or late delivery are potentially important yet practice varies widely around the world, with abnormal findings from fetal heart rate monitoring invariably leading to delivery. Indices derived from fetal cerebral Doppler examination may guide such decisions although there are few studies in this area. We propose a randomised, controlled trial to establish the optimum method of timing delivery between 32 weeks and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation. We hypothesise that delivery on evidence of cerebral blood flow redistribution reduces a composite of perinatal poor outcome, death and short-term hypoxia-related morbidity, with no worsening of neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years. Methods and analysis: Women with non-anomalous singleton pregnancies 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation in whom the estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference is <10th percentile or has decreased by 50 percentiles since 18-32 weeks will be included for observational data collection. Participants will be randomised if cerebral blood flow redistribution is identified, based on umbilical to middle cerebral artery pulsatility index ratio values. Computerised cardiotocography (cCTG) must show normal fetal heart rate short term variation (≥4.5 msec) and absence of decelerations at randomisation. Randomisation will be 1:1 to immediate delivery or delayed delivery (based on cCTG abnormalities or other worsening fetal condition). The primary outcome is poor condition at birth and/or fetal or neonatal death and/or major neonatal morbidity, the secondary non-inferiority outcome is 2-year infant general health and neurodevelopmental outcome based on the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised questionnaire. Ethics and dissemination: The Study Coordination Centre has obtained approval from London-Riverside Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Health Regulatory Authority (HRA). Publication will be in line with NIHR Open Access policy. Trial registration number: Main sponsor: Imperial College London, Reference: 19QC5491. Funders: NIHR HTA, Reference: 127 976. Study coordination centre: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS with Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University. IRAS Project ID: 266 400. REC reference: 20/LO/0031. ISRCTN registry: 76 016 200

Aggression of the addicts suffering from alcohol abuse

W XXI wieku uzależnienie od alkoholu jest sporym problemem. W mojej pracy zawarte są informacje na temat radzenia sobie z chorobą alkoholową oraz psychopatologicznymi objawami uzależnienia. Ujęte zostały informacje dotyczące agresji wobec personelu medycznego i sposobów przeciwdziałania im. Fizjologiczne aspekty alkoholizmu pozwalają na zrozumienie mechanizmu powstawania choroby alkoholowej oraz występowania incydentów auto i alloagresywnych. Literatura wykorzystywana do sporządzenia tej pracy pozwala zauważyć, że brak w niej konkretnego odniesienia dla tak ważnej grupy społecznej, jaką są ratownicy medyczni. Dlatego celem mojej pracy było zebranie informacji dotyczących postępowań ratowniczych w przypadku agresji w chorobie alkoholowej.In the 21st century alcohol addiction constitutes a considerable problem. My thesis contains information concerning coping with alcoholism as well as psychopathological symptoms of the addiction. It also includes facts on aggression towards medical staff and prevention methods that are introduced in relation with the issue. Physiological aspects of alcoholism let us understand the mechanism of the illness development and occurrence of auto- and alloagressive incidents. Literature used in the thesis proves that there is no specific reference in connection with such an important social group as paramedics. Therefore the aim of my thesis was to collect information concerning emergency actions in relation with aggression of the addicts suffering from alcohol abuse

The Institutionalization of Partnerships in Poland

Temat związków partnerskich od ponad dekady jest przedmiotem wciąż powracającej debaty publicznej w Polsce. Głównym powodem są problemy wynikające z braku prawnej regulacji takiej instytucji. Problem ten wywołuje spór na wielu płaszczyznach. Praca jest analizą prawnych możliwości instytucjonalizacji związków partnerskich w Polsce. W tym celu omawia dyskusyjny co do interpretacji artykuł 18 Konstytucji RP. Porusza także powyższą problematykę w kontekście ustawodawstwa zwykłego i prawa międzynarodowego. Przedstawione zostają dotychczasowe projekty ustaw w tym zakresie i propozycje rozwiązania tego problemu.For over a decade, the topic of partnership has been the subject of a recurring and vibrant public debate in Poland. Such a dispute results from the lack of a proper legal regulation, which would legitimize such an institution. This problem has been a basis for numerous disputes on various levels. This work is an analysis of legal possibilities of partner unions institutionalization in Poland. To this end, it discusses the questionable interpretation of Article 18 of the Polish Constitution. It also touches upon the above issues in the context of ordinary legislation and international law. It presents the previous drafts of laws in this area and proposals for solving this problem

Nursing care of the patient with hyperthyroidism

Przełom tyreotoksyczny jest stanem bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia i bezwzględnym wskazaniem do hospitalizacji. Dlatego bardzo ważna jest edukacja chorych pod kątem zapobiegania i wczesnego reagowania na nasilające się objawy, a także pod kątem konieczności systematycznego przyjmowania zaleconych leków. Praca licencjacka pod tytułem: „Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z nadczynnością tarczycy” jest próbą ukazania najbardziej istotnych problemów pielęgniarskich, występujących u pacjentów hospitalizowanych z tego powodu. Pierwszy i drugi rozdział niniejszej pracy zawiera ogólne wiadomości na temat nadczynności tarczycy, jej objawów, diagnostyki i sposobów leczenia. W kolejnym rozdziale została poruszona kwestia opieki pielęgniarskiej, która ma istotny wpływ na poprawę stanu zdrowia osoby chorej. Przedstawiono w nim historię choroby pacjentki, przeprowadzone skale i problemy pielęgnacyjne, które wystąpiły w czasie hospitalizacji. Opisane zostały również interwencje pielęgniarskie w odniesieniu do konkretnych problemówTurning point tyreotoksic is a state of the direct threat to life and an absolute reading for the hospitalization. Therefore an education of sick persons is very important with respect to preventing and early reacting to intensifying manifestations. As well as, under the angle, necessities of systematic accepting recommended medicines. Thesis under the title: „ nursing above the patient with hyperthyroidism ” is an attempt to portray the most substantial problems nursing, appearing at patients hospitalized for this reason. The first and second chapter of this work contains general messages about the hyperthyroidism of her manifestations, diagnostics and courses of treatment. In the next chapter an issue of the nursing which has the significant influence on the improvement was brought up states of health of the ill person. In it a medical record of the patient, conducted scales and nursing problems which appeared during the hospitalization were presented. Nursing intervention was also described with reference to specific problems

The tumor suppressive mir-148a is epigenetically inactivated in classical Hodgkin lymphoma

DNA methylation was shown previously to be a crucial mechanism responsible for transcriptional deregulation in the pathogenesis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). To identify epigenetically inactivated miRNAs in cHL, we have analyzed the set of miRNAs downregulated in cHL cell lines using bisulfite pyrosequencing. We focused on miRNAs with promoter regions located within or <1000 bp from a CpG island. Most promising candidate miRNAs were further studied in primary Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells obtained by laser capture microdissection. Last, to evaluate the function of identified miRNAs, we performed a luciferase reporter assay to confirm miRNA: mRNA interactions and therefore established cHL cell lines with stable overexpression of selected miRNAs for proliferation tests. We found a significant reverse correlation between DNA methylation and expression levels of mir-339-3p, mir-148a-3p, mir-148a-5p and mir-193a-5 demonstrating epigenetic regulation of these miRNAs in cHL cell lines. Moreover, we demonstrated direct interaction between miR-148a-3p and IL15 and HOMER1 transcripts as well as between mir-148a-5p and SUB1 and SERPINH1 transcripts. Furthermore, mir-148a overexpression resulted in reduced cell proliferation in the KM-H2 cell line. In summary, we report that mir-148a is a novel tumor suppressor inactivated in cHL and that epigenetic silencing of miRNAs is a common phenomenon in cHL