No Intersexual Differences in Host Size and Species Usage in \u3ci\u3eSpalangia Endius\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Spalangia endius were collected from fly pupae, primarily house fly and stable fly, from a poultry house in Indiana. Male and female wasps did not differ within and across host species in host size usage. Also, despite stable fly pupae being significantly smaller than house fly pupae, the proportion of male wasps emerging from the two host species was similar

Sperm Depletion and Mating Behavior in the Parasitoid Wasp \u3ci\u3eSpalangia Cameroni\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Mating behavior was examined in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia cameroni. Males attempted copulation with both virgins and already mated females. Males attempted copulation regardless of whether they still had sperm. Already mated females rejected attempts to mate again but virgin females would mate \u27with males regardless of whether or not they had sperm left. Males mated with 12-52 females before exhausting their sperm sup- plies. Males that had mated only once daily exhausted their sperm supplies in their late thirties (days old), if ever; and males that had mated four times daily exhausted their\u27s at 7-13 days. Males produced as many as 438 daughters from their first four matings. Fifty-seven percent (17 of 30) of females that had mated with males exhibited a decrease in proportion of daughters with age, presumably as a result of sperm depletion. Whether or not a female depleted her sperm supplies was not related to her size or the total number of daughters that she had produced

Carbon dioxide concentration indicator

Device will provide visual indication of concentration of carbon dioxide. It consists of small amounts of absorbent material contained in semipermeable membrane and device to detect color changes. Material will absorb quantity of carbon dioxide proportional to carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere. Amount of absorption is indicated by color change

Enteral feeding pumps: efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability.

Enteral feeding is a long established practice across pediatric and adult populations, to enhance nutritional intake and prevent malnutrition. Despite recognition of the importance of nutrition within the modern health agenda, evaluation of the efficacy of how such feeds are delivered is more limited. The accuracy, safety, and consistency with which enteral feed pump systems dispense nutritional formulae are important determinants of their use and acceptability. Enteral feed pump safety has received increased interest in recent years as enteral pumps are used across hospital and home settings. Four areas of enteral feed pump safety have emerged: the consistent and accurate delivery of formula; the minimization of errors associated with tube misconnection; the impact of continuous feed delivery itself (via an enteral feed pump); and the chemical composition of the casing used in enteral feed pump manufacture. The daily use of pumps in delivery of enteral feeds in a home setting predominantly falls to the hands of parents and caregivers. Their understanding of the use and function of their pump is necessary to ensure appropriate, safe, and accurate delivery of enteral nutrition; their experience with this is important in informing clinicians and manufacturers of the emerging needs and requirements of this diverse patient population. The review highlights current practice and areas of concern and establishes our current knowledge in this field