MODELING PRODUCTIVITY IN SUPERMARKET OPERATIONS: INCORPORATING THE IMPACTS OF STORE CHARACTERISTICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

Data from the 2002 Supermarket Panel are used to estimate a supermarket production function with weekly gross margin as the output measure and store selling area and total labor hours as variable inputs. The model also includes productivity shifters describing format and service offerings, store ownership structure, unionization, and adoption of new information technologies and related business practices. The null hypothesis of constant returns to scale cannot be rejected. Increases in ownership-group size, warehouse and supercenter formats, unionization of the workforce, and adoption of vendor-managed inventory and a frequent-shopper program are all associated with significantly higher productivity.Productivity Analysis,

Fashionette

Cover information surrounded by a minimal, artistic borderhttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/13738/thumbnail.jp

THE AGRICULTURAL RISK MANAGEMENT SIMULATOR MICROCOMPUTER PROGRAM

The Agricultural Risk Management Simulator (ARMS) is a microcomputer program designed to help users evaluate strategies for managing yield and price risk in crop farming operations. Risk management strategies are defined by choices regarding crop mix, the purchase of multiple peril crop insurance, and the use of forward contracting. Probabilistic budgeting is used to determine the net cash flow probability distribution for each strategy considered. Flexibility with regard to both sources of probabilistic information and the form of yield and price probability distributions is a noteworthy feature of the program.Risk and Uncertainty,

Muko and Conex: The Third Circuit Responds to Connell

The authors discuss the application of federal antitrust laws to organized labor. The article, written for practitioners, defines the elements necessary to obtain a recovery in labor antitrust actions. The authors analyze the standard of review, burden of proof and the elements which the unions must show in order to be exempted from antitrust law. The focal point of the article is the comparison between the Supreme Court\u27s most recent discussion of the labor exemption in Connell Construction Co. v. Plumbers & Steamfitters Local Union 100 and the Third Circuit\u27s application of that exemption in Larry V. Muko v. Southwestern Pennsylvania Building Trades Council and Consolidated Express, Inc., v. N.Y. Shipping Association

Hearts

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Two-dimensional block processors - structures and implementations

Includes bibliographical references.Two-dimensional (2-D) block processing technique for linear filtering of digital images is introduced. New 2-D block structures are derived for 2-D recursive digital filters realized by difference equations and state-space formulations. Several special cases have also been considered and the relevant 2-D block structures are given. The computational costs of different implementation techniques employing high-speed convolution algorithms such as fast Fourier transform, number theoretic transform and polynomial transform have been studied. A comparison among the relative efficiencies of these implementation schemes is made and a suitable method is then proposed using short convolution algorithm which results in a minimized computational time