14 research outputs found
Genomic signature of trait-Âassociated variants
Genome-Ââwide
association
studies
have
been
used
extensively
to
study
hundreds
of
phenotypes
and
have
determined
thousands
of
associated
SNPs
whose
underlying
biology
and
causation
is
as
yet
largely
unknown.
Many
previous
studies
attempted
to
clarify
the
causal
biology
by
investigating
overlaps
of
trait-Ââ
associated
variants
with
functional
annotations,
but
lacked
statistical
rigor
and
examined
incomplete
subsets
of
available
functional
annotations.
Additionally,
it
has
been
difficult
to
disentangle
the
relative
contributions
of
different
annotations
that
may
show
strong
correlations
with
one
another.
In
this
thesis,
we
address
these
shortcomings
and
strengthen
and
extend
the
obtained
results.
Two
methods,
permutations
and
logistic
regression,
are
applied
in
statistically
rigorous
analyses
of
genomic
annotations
and
their
observed
enrichment
or
depletion
of
trait-Ââassociated
SNPs.
The
genomic
annotations
range
from
genic
regions
and
regulatory
features
to
measures
of
conservation
and
aspects
of
chromatin
structure.
Logistic
regressions
in
a
number
of
trait-Ââspecific
subsets
identify
genomic
annotations
influencing
SNPs
associated
with
both
normal
variation
(e.g.,
eye
or
hair
colour)
and
diseases,
suggesting
some
generalities
in
the
biological
underpinnings
of
phenotypes.
SNPs
associated
with
phenotypes
of
the
immune
system
are
investigated
and
the
results
highlight
the
distinct
aetiology
for
this
subset.
Despite
the
heterogeneity
of
the
studied
cancers,
SNPs
associated
to
different
cancers
are
particularly
enriched
for
conserved
regions,
unlike
all
other
trait-Ââsubsets.
Nonetheless,
chromatin
states
are,
perhaps
surprisingly,
among
the
most
influential
genomic
annotations
in
all
trait-Ââ
subsets.
Evolutionary
conserved
regions
are
rarely
within
the
top
genomic
annotations
despite
their
widespread
use
in
prioritisation
methods
for
follow-Ââ
up
studies.
We
identify
a
common
set
of
enriched
or
depleted
genomic
annotations
that
significantly
influence
all
traits,
but
also
highlight
trait-Ââspecific
differences.
These
annotations
may
be
used
for
the
computational
prioritisation
of
variants
implicated
in
phenotypes
of
interest.
The
approaches
developed
for
this
thesis
are
further
applied
to
studies
of
a
specific
human
complex
trait
(height)
and
gene
expression
in
atherosclerosis
Internetbezogene Störungen im Jugendalter : Diagnosen, Risiken und Hilfsangebote
Mit der zunehmenden Relevanz des Internets in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten geht auch die Gefahr einer dysfunktionalen, suchtartigen Nutzung von verschiedenen Internetanwendungen und insbesondere von digitalen Spielen einher. Jugendliche sind von Internetbezogenen Störungen (IbS) in besonderem MaĂe betroffen. Die vorliegende Dissertation leistet in vier Einzelstudien einen Beitrag zur Beantwortung offener Forschungsfragen auf dem Gebiet der IbS. Studie 1 setzt sich damit auseinander, ob und inwiefern die Aufnahme der âGaming Disorderâ in die Neuauflage der internationalen Klassifikation der Krankheiten der WHO (ICD-11) gerechtfertigt ist und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die neue Diagnose sowohl fĂŒr die Forschung als auch fĂŒr die klinische Praxis mehr Vor- als Nachteile bietet. Der Gefahr einer Ăberpathologisierung und Stigmatisierung kann durch eine grĂŒndliche Diagnosestellung durch geschulte Fachpersonen begegnet werden. Studie 2 untersucht schulbezogene Risikofaktoren von IbS. Dazu wurden N=418 Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene im Alter von 11 bis 21 Jahren, die vorab auf ein erhöhtes Risiko fĂŒr IbS gescreent wurden, per Fragebogen nach ihrem Internetnutzungsverhalten, nach IbS-Symptomen, nach Schulnoten und Fehltagen, nach ihrem Lern- und Sozialverhalten sowie nach Prokrastinationstendenzen befragt. Die Daten entstammen dem ersten Messzeitpunkt der PROTECT-Studie (Professioneller Umgang mit technischen Medien). Aufgrund der hierarchischen Datenstruktur wurde zur Analyse ein Mehrebenenansatz gewĂ€hlt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Online-Zeit, vermehrtes Gaming und Prokrastination auf der Individualebene sowie Sozialverhalten auf der Schulebene Symptome einer IbS vorhersagen. Studie 3 und Studie 4 befassen sich mit der PrĂ€vention von IbS. Studie 3 gibt einen Ăberblick ĂŒber den internationalen Stand der Forschung im Bereich der PrĂ€vention und FrĂŒhintervention und stellt die derzeit verfĂŒgbaren deutschsprachigen PrĂ€ventionsprogramme vor.
WĂ€hrend in den westlichen LĂ€ndern vor allem gruppenbasierte, verhaltensorientierte Programme zur Anwendung kommen, werden im ostasiatischen Raum auch verhĂ€ltnisprĂ€ventive MaĂnahmen eingesetzt, wie etwa SpielzeitbeschrĂ€nkungen fĂŒr MinderjĂ€hrige. In Deutschland sind derzeit 12 PrĂ€ventionsprogramme fĂŒr IbS verfĂŒgbar.
FĂŒr zwei dieser Programme wurde die Wirksamkeit in randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien nachgewiesen. Studie 4 ist eine dieser Untersuchungen. Sie stellt die Ergebnisse der WirksamkeitsprĂŒfung fĂŒr das von unserer Arbeitsgruppe entwickelte PROTECT-PrĂ€ventionsprogramm dar. Dazu wurden N=422 SchĂŒlerinnen und SchĂŒler, die vorab auf ein erhöhtes Risiko fĂŒr IbS gescreent wurden, nach Clustern (Schulen) randomisiert in eine Interventions- und eine Beobachtungsgruppe eingeteilt. WĂ€hrend in der Interventionsgruppe das kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisch orientierte 4-wöchige PROTECT-Programm in Kleingruppen durchgefĂŒhrt wurde, fĂŒllten die Teilnehmenden der Beobachtungsgruppe lediglich zu vier Messzeitpunkten (vor und nach der Intervention, nach 4 Monaten und nach 12 Monaten)
diagnostische Fragebögen zur Soziodemografie, zur Internetnutzung, zur IbS-Symptomatik, zu komorbiden psychischen Störungen, zur Emotionsregulation, zum Sozial- und Lernverhalten, zu Prokrastinationstendenzen sowie zum SelbstwertgefĂŒhl aus. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen eine Reduktion der IbSSymptomatik in beiden Gruppen. Die Reduktion ist jedoch in der Interventionsgruppe signifikant stĂ€rker, was fĂŒr die Wirksamkeit des PROTECT-Programms spricht. Die Ergebnisse von Studie 1-4 ergĂ€nzen bisherige Forschungsbefunde zu IbS im Bereich der Diagnostik, Entstehung und PrĂ€vention
School-Related Risk Factors of Internet Use Disorders
A growing body of research focusing on the risk factors of Internet use disorder (IUD) underlines the effect of sociodemographic variables like age and gender or comorbid mental disorders on IUD symptoms. The relation between IUD symptoms and school-related variables has to date been insufficiently studied. The present study closes this gap by investigating the relation between school-relevant factors such as absenteeism, school grades, procrastination, school-related social behavior, and learning behavior and IUD symptoms in a high-risk sample. n = 418 students between 11 and 21 years of age (M = 15.10, SD = 1.97), screened for elevated risk of IUD, participated in the study. Sociodemographic data, school grades and absent days, Internet use variables (time spent online and gaming), as well as school-related psychological variables (procrastination, learning behavior, and social behavior) were assessed via self-report questionnaires. IUD symptoms were assessed with an adapted version of the German Video Game Dependency Scale (CSAS), which is based on the 9 criteria for Internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5. The instrument was adapted to include the assessment of non-gaming IUD symptoms. Taking the hierarchical structure of the data into account, a multilevel modeling approach was used to analyze the data. Procrastination, time spent online, and gaming were significant predictors of IUD symptoms at the individual level, whereas social behavior significantly predicted symptoms of IUD at the school level. In addition to previous findings on risk factors of IUD, this study indicates the importance of school-related factors in the development of IUD, especially psychological factors that play a role in the school setting. The early age of IUD onset and the high relevance of prevention of IUD at the school age underline the relevance of this finding
Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based intervention in preventing gaming disorder and unspecified internet use disorder in adolescents: a cluster randomized clinical trial.
Question: Is manualized cognitive behavioral therapyâbased indicated prevention effective in reducing symptoms of gaming disorder and unspecified internet use disorder and rates of these disorders in at-risk high school students?
Findings: In this cluster randomized clinical trial of 422 at-risk adolescents with gaming disorder and unspecified internet use disorder, the PROTECT (Professioneller Umgang mit technischen Medien [Professional Use of Technical Media]) intervention group had a significantly greater reduction in symptoms over 12 months compared with the assessment-only control group (39.8% vs 27.7%). Differences in incidence rates did not reach significance.
Meaning: Findings of this trial indicate that the PROTECT intervention in high schools is effective in reducing symptoms of gaming disorder and unspecified internet use disorder
Vcamâ1 target in nonâinvasive imaging for the detection of atherosclerotic plaques
Atherosclerosis is a progressive chronic arterial disease characterised by atheromatous plaque formation in the intima of the arterial wall. Several invasive and nonâinvasive imaging techniques have been developed to detect and characterise atherosclerosis in the vessel wall: anatomic/structural imaging, functional imaging and molecular imaging. In molecular imaging, vascular cell adhesion moleculeâ1 (VCAMâ1) is a promising target for the nonâinvasive detection of atherosclerosis and for the assessment of novel antiatherogenic treatments. VCAMâ1 is an adhesion molecule expressed on the activated endothelial surface that binds leucocyte ligands and therefore promotes leucocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Hence, for several years, there has been an increase in molecular imaging methods for detecting VCAMâ1 in MRI, PET, SPECT, optical imaging and ultrasound. The use of microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO), ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO), microbubbles, echogenic immunoliposomes, peptides, nanobodies and other nanoparticles has been described. However, these approaches have been tested in animal models, and the remaining challenge is bench-toâbedside development and clinical applicability.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
S'initier au discours professionnel : cours de fran\ue7ais \ue9conomique et des affaires 1. Niveaux B1-B2 du CECR
S'initier au discours professionnel argument\ue9 : cours de fran\ue7ais \ue9conomique et des affaires 1 : niveau B2 du CECR
CELEB : une batterie d'évaluation de la reconnaissance des visages célÚbres et de l'accÚs aux noms propres
Dans cet article, nous proposons un nouvel outil de diagnostic des troubles de reconnaissance des visages et de dĂ©nomination des noms propres. Lâobjectif de cette batterie est triple : 1) fournir un outil dâĂ©valuation permettant de calculer un score de reconnaissance visuelle et un score de dĂ©nomination qui soient indĂ©pendants lâun de lâautre et donc dâobtenir un profil diffĂ©renciĂ© de performances ; 2) Ă©laborer une Ă©preuve qui prenne en compte les connaissances mĂ©diatiques des participants ; 3) mettre Ă disposition un outil informatisĂ© facile dâutilisation et qui enregistre les temps de rĂ©ponse des participants. Nous prĂ©sentons la procĂ©dure dâĂ©laboration et de passation de lâoutil ainsi que les rĂ©sultats de la normalisation sur un Ă©chantillon de 240 participants. Par ailleurs, des analyses complĂ©mentaires dĂ©montrent que lâoutil peut ĂȘtre utilisĂ© dans toute la francophonie (Belgique, France, Suisse) et que celui-ci est sensible dans le diagnostic clinique de patients cĂ©rĂ©bro-lĂ©sĂ©s
Infiltration of FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells is a Strong and Independent Prognostic Factor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) are characterized by a large heterogeneity in terms of the location and risk factors. For a few years now, immunotherapy seems to be a promising approach in the treatment of these cancers, but a better understanding of the immune context could allow to offer a personalized treatment and thus probably increase the survival of HNSCC patients. In this context, we evaluated the infiltration of FoxP3+ Tregs on 205 human formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded HNSCC and we assessed its prognostic value compared to other potential prognostic factors, including HPV infection. First, we found a positive correlation of FoxP3+ Treg infiltration between the intra-tumoral (IT) and the stromal (ST) compartments of the tumors (p < 0.0001). A high infiltration of these cells in both compartments was associated with longer recurrence-free (ST, RFS, p = 0.007; IT, RFS, p = 0.019) and overall survivals (ST, OS, p = 0.002; ST, OS, p = 0.002) of HNSCC patients. Early tumor stage (OS, p = 0.002) and differentiated tumors (RFS, p = 0.022; OS, p = 0.043) were also associated with favorable prognoses. Multivariate analysis revealed that FoxP3+ Treg stromal infiltration, tumor stage and histological grade independently influenced patient prognosis. In conclusion, the combination of these three markers seem to be an interesting prognostic signature for HNSCC