Conductance studies of sodium salts of some aliphatic carboxylic acids in water at different temperatures

In this paper the electric conductivities of aqueous solutions of sodium salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids of theH(CH2)nCOOH [n = 0 to 9] types were measured from T/K = (283.15 to 313.15) in the concentration range0.0005bc/mol∙dm−3b0.0200. In terms of the limiting molar conductance (Λο) the measured conductanceresults have been analyzed by the Fuoss–Justice conductance-concentration equation. From these data thecarboxylic ionic contributions (λH(CH2)nCOO−o) to the limiting molar conductance have been estimated. In thispaper the Eyring's enthalpies of activation of charge transportΔH⁎were also calculated. The variations ofλH(CH2)nCOO−oandΔH⁎as the function of the aliphatic chain length of analyzed carboxylic acids were determined

Conductivity Properties of Selected Aliphatic Monocarboxylic Acid Anions in Water at 298.15 K

The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Ministry of the Science and Education of Republic of Croatia and Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland.The article presents the electric conductivity values of sodium salts of four selected monocarboxylic acid derivatives in aqueous solution: those with a chlorine substituent in the peripheral position, i.e. ClCH(CH2)nCOOH; those with a bromine substituent in the peripheral position, i.e. BrCH(CH2)nCOOH; as well as unsaturated sodium salts with a double bond in the peripheral position, i.e. CH2=CH(CH2)nCOOH; and unsaturated sodium salts with a double bond in the second position, i.e. CH3-CH=CH(CH2)nCOOH. All conductivity measurements were performed at 298.15 K in the concentration range of 0.0005 < c / mol ∙ dm-3 < 0.018. The obtained values allowed the limiting molar conductivities ( 0 m ) of the studied electrolytes to be determined using the Fuoss-Justice equation. Based on these ( 0 m ) values, the molar limiting conductivity values ( ) for individual anions of the tested electrolytes were calculated and analyzed as a function of carbon chain length. The work also examines the effect of substituent type (Cl or Br) and double bond location on the limiting molar conductivity values of the tested monocarboxylic acid anions and compares them with literature values

Electrical Conductivity of Ionic Liquids 1-Hexyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride (HMIM) and 1-Methyl-3-Octylimidazolium Chloride (OMIM) in Mixtures with Selected Alkoxy Alcohols over a Wide Temperature Range

Ionic liquids have been the subject of intense research because of their unique electrochemical properties and potential applications in various fields. In this article, we analyze the electrical conductivity of two selected ionic liquids, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (HMIM) and 1-eethyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride (OMIM), in various alkoxy alcohols such as 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol. Our research focuses on attempting to analyze the impact of the molecular structure of both the ionic liquids and alkoxy alcohols on their electrical conductivity properties. The results of our study can be highly beneficial in the design of advanced electrochemical materials and their various applications

Stability of the Inclusion Complexes of Dodecanoic Acid with α-Cyclodextrin, β-Cyclodextrin and 2-HP-β-Cyclodextrin

In the presented work, the stability of the formation of inclusion complexes of dodecanoic acid (lauric acid) with three cyclodextrins, α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin and 2-HP-β-cyclodextrin, was analyzed from the point of view of the size of the cavity in cyclodextrins, their molar mass and the structure of the studied fatty acid. The measurements were made in a wide temperature range of 283.15–318.15K. The conductometric method was used for these studies. The results obtained allowed us to determine the value of the theoretical limiting molar conductivity (Λm0) of the studied complexes, the values of the inclusion complex formation constants (Kf) and the values of thermodynamic functions (ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0) describing the complexation process in the studied temperature range

Studies of the Formation of Inclusion Complexes Derivatives of Cinnamon Acid with &alpha;-Cyclodextrin in a Wide Range of Temperatures Using Conductometric Methods

The electrical conductivities of aqueous solutions of sodium salts of trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (trans-p-coumaric acid), trans-3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (trans-caffeic acid), trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, (trans-ferulic acid) and trans-3-phenylacrylic acid (trans-cinnamic acid) with &alpha;-cyclodextrin were measured in the temperature range of 288.15 K&ndash;318.15 K. For the first time in the literature, using the limiting molar conductivity (&Lambda;mo) obtained from conductivity measurements, the values of the complexation constants (Kf) of the salts of phenolic acid derivatives with &alpha;-cyclodextrin were determined using a modified low concentration chemical model (IcCM). An attempt was also made to analyze the individual thermodynamic functions &Delta;Go, &Delta;Ho and &Delta;So describing the complexation process as a function of temperature changes. The obtained results show that the process of formation of inclusion complexes is exothermic and is spontaneous

Viscosity coefficients of KCl, NaCl, NaI, KNO₃, LiNO₃, NaBPh₄ and Bu₄NI in water-rich binary mixtures containing propan-2-ol at 298.15 K

<p>Viscosities of KCl, NaCl, NaI, KNO₃, LiNO₃, NaBPh₄ and Bu₄NI solutions (from ~0.01 M to ~0.05 M) in water (1) + propan-2-ol) (2) binary mixtures with mole fractions of propan-2-ol, <i>x</i>₂ = 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.075, 0.10 and 0.15, were determined at 298. 15 K. The relative viscosity data have been analysed and interpreted in terms of the Jones–Dole equation, <i>η</i>_r = <i>A</i>∙<i>c</i>^1/2 + <i>B</i>∙<i>c</i>. The obtained results allowed to determine the values of <i>B</i>_± coefficients for individual ions using the assumption about the equality . All the results presented in this article have been discussed in terms of ion–solvent interactions.</p

Viscosity Coefficients of KCl, NaCl, NaI, KNO₃, LiNO₃, NaBPh₄ and Bu₄NI in Water - Dimethyl Sulfoxide Binary Mixtures With a Low Organic Solvent Content

In this work the viscosities of KCl, NaCl, NaI, KNO₃, LiNO₃, NaBPh₄ and Bu₄NI solutions (from ~0.01 mol dm^–3 to ~0.05 mol dm^–3) in water (1) + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (2) binary mixtures with mole fractions of DMSO, <i>x</i>₂ = 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.075, 0.10 and 0.15, were determined at 298. 15 K. The viscosities measured were used to evaluate the viscosity B-coefficients by means of Jones-Dole's equation. The results obtained allowed us to determine the values of <i>B</i>_± coefficients for individual ions using the assumption about the equality B(Bu₄N⁺) = B(BPh₄^–). All the results have been discussed in terms of ion-solvent interactions