370 research outputs found
Two Distinct Pathways to Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately 95% of the malignant tumors of the vaginal vulva and is mostly found in elderly women. The future numbers of patients with vulvar SCC is expected to rise, mainly because of the proportional increase in the average age of the general population. Two different pathways for vulvar SCC have been put forth. The first pathway is triggered by infection with a high-risk-type Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Integration of the HPV DNA into the host genome leads to the development of a typical vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), accompanied with overexpression of p14ARF and p16INK4A. This lesion subsequently forms a warty- or basaloid-type SCC. The HPV vaccine is a promising new tool for prevention of this HPV related SCC of the vulva. The second pathway is HPV-independent. Keratinizing SCC develops within a background of lichen sclerosus (LS) through a differentiated VIN. It has a different set of genetic alterations than those in the first pathway, including p53 mutations, allelic imbalances (AI), and microsatellite instability (MSI). Further clinical and basic research is still required to understand and prevent vulvar SCC. Capsule. Two pathway for pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the value are reviewed
CLINICAL PREDICTORS FOR ATHEROMA PROGRESSION DESPITE OPTIMAL GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN EARLY-STAGE DIABETIC PATIENTS: SUB-ANALYSIS FROM DIANA STUDY
Data de realització de les fotografies del Mercat aproximada (1994
Development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: clonal identity between two B-cell neoplasms
Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM)/ lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is an indolent mature B-cell neoplasm. In rare cases of WM/LPL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) develops as a result of histologic transformation. In this report, we present a case of DLBCL developing in a patient with WM/LPL. Combination chemotherapy for DLBCL was effective and complete remission was eventually achieved. We attempted to determine the clonal relatedness between WM/LPL and DLBCL in the patient by analyzing complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) in the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. A common CDR3 sequence was found in tumor cells of DLBCL and those of WM/LPL, indicating that tumor cells of DLBCL are clonally identical to those of WM/LPL. Therefore, in the present case, DLBCL is developed from WM/LPL cells by clonal evolution
Subaru Deep Survey V. A Census of Lyman Break Galaxies at z=4 and 5 in the Subaru Deep Fields: Photometric Properties
(abridged) We investigate photometric properties of Lyman Break Galaxies
(LBGs) at z=3.5-5.2 based on large samples of 2,600 LBGs detected in deep
(i'~27) and wide-field (1,200 arcmin^2) images taken in the Subaru Deep Field
(SDF) and the Subaru/XMM Deep Field (SXDF). The selection criteria for the LBG
samples are examined with 85 spectroscopically identified objects and by Monte
Carlo simulations. We find in the luminosity functions of LBGs (i) that the
number density of bright galaxies (M_{1700}<-22; corresponding to
SFR_{corr}>100 Msolar yr^{-1}) decreases significantly from z=4 to 5 and (ii)
that the faint-end slope of the luminosity function may become steeper towards
higher redshifts. We estimate dust extinction of z=4 LBGs with M<M^* from UV
slopes, and obtain E(B-V)=0.15+/-0.03 as the mean value. The dust extinction
remains constant with apparent luminosity, but increases with intrinsic
luminosity. We find no evolution in dust extinction between LBGs at z=3 and 4.
We investigate the evolution of UV-luminosity density at 1700A, rho, and find
that rho does not significantly change from z=3 to z=5, i.e.,
rho(z=4)/rho(z=3)=1.0+/-0.2 and rho(z=5)/rho(z=3)=0.8+/-0.4, thus the cosmic
star-formation rate (SFR) density remains constant. We find that the stellar
mass density estimated from the cosmic SFR is consistent with those derived
directly from the stellar mass function at z=0-1, but exceeds those at z~3 by a
factor of 3. We find that the ratio of the UV-luminosity density of Ly-a
emitters (LAEs) to that of LBGs is ~60% at z=5, and thus about a half of the
star formation at z=5 probably occurs in LAEs. We obtain a constraint on the
escape fraction of UV-ionizing photons produced by LBGs, f_{esc}>~0.13.Comment: 41 pages, 22 figures, ApJ in press. Paper with high resolution
figures is available at
http://hikari.astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~ouchi/work/astroph/SDS_V_VI/SDS_V.pdf
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Serum Apolipoprotein M Levels are Correlated with Biomarkers of Coagulation
Background:Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma, and HDL has
anticoagulation effects. However, the association between ApoM and biomarkers of coagulation was unclear.
Therefore, we investigated relationships between ApoM and biomarkers of coagulation.
Methods: Serum samples from 233 Japanese participants including with diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
dyslipidemia, or healthy controls were analyzed. Serum ApoM levels were measured using Enzyme-Linked
Immuno-Sorbent Assay(ELISA).
Results:Analysis of all 233 participants showed that ApoM levels were positively correlated with age (r=0.284,
p<0.001), total cholesterol (TC;r=0.477, p<0.001), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C;r=0.234, p<0.001) and lowdensity
lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C;r=0.331, p<0.001). Higher ApoM levels were correlated with shorter
activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT;r=-0.226,p=0.001) and prothrombin time(PT,%;r=0.326,p<
0.001). Separate analysis of the 115 healthy controls showed that ApoM levels were positively correlated with age,
TC, HDL-C and LDL-C, and higher ApoM levels were correlated with shorter PT.
Conclusion:Serum levels of ApoM may influence biomarkers of coagulation
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