USDA Requirements for Implementing Mandatory Country of Origin Labeling

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade, Q10, Q13,

Modeling Evolving Coronal Loops with Observations from STEREO, Hinode, and TRACE

The high densities, long lifetimes, and narrow emission measure distributions observed in coronal loops with apex temperatures near 1 MK are difficult to reconcile with physical models of the solar atmosphere. It has been proposed that the observed loops are actually composed of sub-resolution ``threads'' that have been heated impulsively and are cooling. We apply this heating scenario to nearly simultaneous observations of an evolving post-flare loop arcade observed with the EUVI/\textit{STEREO}, XRT/\textit{Hinode}, and \textit{TRACE} imagers and the EIS spectrometer on \textit{HINODE}. We find that it is possible to reproduce the extended loop lifetime, high electron density, and the narrow differential emission measure with a multi-thread hydrodynamic model provided that the time scale for the energy release is sufficiently short. The model, however, does not reproduce the evolution of the very high temperature emission observed with XRT. In XRT the emission appears diffuse and it may be that this discrepancy is simply due to the difficulty of isolating individual loops at these temperatures. This discrepancy may also reflect fundamental problems with our understanding of post-reconnection dynamics during the conductive cooling phase of loop evolution.Comment: Revised version submitted to ApJ in response to referee's comment

Review of \u3ci\u3eAgnes Lake Hickok: Queen of the Circus, Wife of a Legend\u3c/i\u3e by Linda A. Fisher and Carrie Bowers

Agnes Lake Hickok rode horses, walked on slack wires, and trained various animals. If that was not enough, she was also a smart, diligent entrepreneur who became the first woman to own and operate a circus in the United States. The circus business brought her a busy schedule, some profitable opportunities, and wide acclaim as an entertainer who traveled with legendary performers P. T. Barnum and Buffalo Bill Cody. Although Agnes Lake Hickok did not necessarily invent circus shows, she certainly helped to popularize this form of entertainment in the nineteenth century and prepared the next generation of performers, including her daughter, Emma Lake, whose equestrian renown rivaled that of Annie Oakley. Agnes Lake Hickok is primarily a compensatory biography meant to salvage the story of a German immigrant child who built a career managing and appearing in traveling shows. Agnes and her first husband, Bill Lake, performed steadily through the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s, maintaining financial security and drawing large crowds even during the Civil War. Her second marriage, in 1876, to the celebrated Wild Bill Hickok catapulted her already well-known reputation into the realm of national attention. They were only married five months, however, before he was killed (although they had courted for nearly five years once they met in Abilene, Kansas, in 1871), so the authors point to Agnes Lake Hickok\u27s own stamina and creativity during her remaining thirty years as justification for finally noting her place in history

Review of \u3ci\u3eAgnes Lake Hickok: Queen of the Circus, Wife of a Legend\u3c/i\u3e by Linda A. Fisher and Carrie Bowers

Agnes Lake Hickok rode horses, walked on slack wires, and trained various animals. If that was not enough, she was also a smart, diligent entrepreneur who became the first woman to own and operate a circus in the United States. The circus business brought her a busy schedule, some profitable opportunities, and wide acclaim as an entertainer who traveled with legendary performers P. T. Barnum and Buffalo Bill Cody. Although Agnes Lake Hickok did not necessarily invent circus shows, she certainly helped to popularize this form of entertainment in the nineteenth century and prepared the next generation of performers, including her daughter, Emma Lake, whose equestrian renown rivaled that of Annie Oakley. Agnes Lake Hickok is primarily a compensatory biography meant to salvage the story of a German immigrant child who built a career managing and appearing in traveling shows. Agnes and her first husband, Bill Lake, performed steadily through the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s, maintaining financial security and drawing large crowds even during the Civil War. Her second marriage, in 1876, to the celebrated Wild Bill Hickok catapulted her already well-known reputation into the realm of national attention. They were only married five months, however, before he was killed (although they had courted for nearly five years once they met in Abilene, Kansas, in 1871), so the authors point to Agnes Lake Hickok\u27s own stamina and creativity during her remaining thirty years as justification for finally noting her place in history

Advising perceptions in Student Support Services programs

This study seeks to understand the perceptions of advisors and students about the TRIO Student Support Services they provide or receive, with particular attention to how their perceptions relate to best practice theories of developmental and prescriptive advising behaviors. By comparing the perceptions of stakeholders to the theory behind the services, a better understanding of the current advising practice of Student Support Services (SSS) is obtained. Data for this study were derived from the Academic Advising Inventory (AAI), a compilation of both advisors’ and students’ perceptions of services in SSS. Observations and quantitative data were used in this study. Five advisors and 25 students from three institutions participated in this study. Advisors and students overwhelmingly perceived developmental advising in observed advising sessions; however, advisors’ and students’ scores widely ranged. Advisors tended to overscore their advising behavior and students tended to underscore their advisors’ advising behavior. Inconsistencies were detected of perceptions of topic/activity frequency between advisors, students and me. Students also reported being “very satisfied” with the advising services they received in the SSS programs. Results of this study can be used to: 1) identify optimum advising behaviors in Student Support Services; 2) raise the importance and recognition level on the differences and similarities of advisor and student perceptions of services which can and do have an impact on the creation of advising policies; 3) recognize and understand kinds of discrepancies and homogeneity of advisor and student perceptions of advising services to assist and support the needs of disadvantaged students; 4) assess, design or revise advising training programs for SSS advisors and possibly for campus-wide advisor training programs as well

“Why Does Google Scholar Sometimes Ask for Money?” Engaging Science Students in Scholarly Communication and the Economics of Information

This article outlines instructional strategies for teaching students about scholarly communication and the economic realities that surround scientific information. Exposing students to the business side of academic communication provides a foundation for understanding how Google relates to library-subscription resources, how research is both shared and discovered, what the role of libraries is in providing access to costly information, and how disparities arise in information access. Such instruction contextualizes search tools such as article databases as well as Google Scholar, and thereby serves as an appropriate starting point for teaching students to use such tools

Why Does Google Scholar Sometimes Ask for Money? Leveraging the Economics of Information and Scholarly Communication Processes to Enrich Instruction

Librarians at North Carolina State University have developed useful techniques for enhancing information literacy instruction through the systematic incorporation of concepts pertaining to scholarly communication and the economics surrounding information. This presentation describes ways to leveraging such concepts as the Deep Web, Google Scholar, the nature of scholarly communication, and the inflated costs of journal subscriptions to contextualize hands-on instruction in the use of library resources. Assessment data from open-ended quizzes and surveys positively reflects students’ attitudes towards this instruction and exposes the impact of such instruction on student understanding about how research is made available on the Web