Cognitive Processing of Crisis Communication: Effects of CSR and Crisis Response Strategies on Stakeholder Perceptions of a Racial Crisis Dynamics

In order to provide a more refined understanding of crisis situations, especially crises resulting from race issues, the researchers identified crisis dynamic variables from existing literature (e.g., Coombs & Holladay, 2002) and connected these links in a model. The cognitive processing model of crisis communication investigates how precrisis corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice and different crisis-response strategies affect stakeholders’ attributions of organizational responsibility, emotional response, organizational reputation, and supportive intention in the time of a crisis. An experiment was conducted as the primary research method. The significant findings include 1) direct effects of both positive CSR history and accommodative crisisresponse on organizational reputation, which are mediated to stakeholders’ supportive intentions, 2) interaction between CSR history and crisis-response on organizational responsibility, and 3) mediation of emotional response aroused by a crisis. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed

Anoikis Resistance: An Essential Prerequisite for Tumor Metastasis

Metastasis is a multistep process including dissociation of cancer cells from primary sites, survival in the vascular system, and proliferation in distant target organs. As a barrier to metastasis, cells normally undergo an apoptotic process known as “anoikis,” a form of cell death due to loss of contact with the extracellular matrix or neighboring cells. Cancer cells acquire anoikis resistance to survive after detachment from the primary sites and travel through the circulatory and lymphatic systems to disseminate throughout the body. Because recent technological advances enable us to detect rare circulating tumor cells, which are anoikis resistant, currently, anoikis resistance becomes a hot topic in cancer research. Detailed molecular and functional analyses of anoikis resistant cells may provide insight into the biology of cancer metastasis and identify novel therapeutic targets for prevention of cancer dissemination. This paper comprehensively describes recent investigations of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying anoikis and anoikis resistance in relation to intrinsic and extrinsic death signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, growth factor receptors, energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species, membrane microdomains, and lipid rafts

Evaluation of the pathogenicity of GJB3 and GJB6 variants associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss

AbstractA number of genes responsible for hearing loss are related to ion recycling and homeostasis in the inner ear. Connexins (Cx26 encoded by GJB2, Cx31 encoded by GJB3 and Cx30 encoded by GJB6) are core components of gap junctions in the inner ear. Gap junctions are intercellular communication channels and important factors that are associated with hearing loss. To date, a molecular genetics study of GJB3 and GJB6 as a causative gene for hearing loss has not been performed in Korea. This study was therefore performed to elucidate the genetic characteristics of Korean patients with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss and to determine the pathological mechanism of hearing loss by analyzing the intercellular communication function of Cx30 and Cx31 variants. Sequencing analysis of the GJB3 and GJB6 genes in our population revealed a total of nine variants, including four novel variants in the two genes. Three of the novel variants (Cx31-p.V27M, Cx31-p.V43M and Cx-30-p.I248V) and two previously reported variants (Cx31-p.V84I and Cx30-p.A40V) were selected for functional studies using a pathogenicity prediction program and assessed for whether the mutations were located in a conserved region of the protein. The results of biochemical and ionic coupling tests showed that both the Cx31-p.V27M and Cx31-p.V84I variants did not function normally when each was expressed as a heterozygote with the wild-type Cx31. This study demonstrated that two variants of Cx31 were pathogenic mutations with deleterious effect. This information will be valuable in understanding the pathogenic role of GJB3 and GJB6 mutations associated with hearing loss

DEL 적혈구에 의한 항-D 동종면역

Extremely weak D variants called DEL are serologically detectable only by adsorption-elution techniques. A nucleotide change of exon 9 in RHD gene, RHD (K409K, 1227G>A) allelic variant is present in almost all the DEL individuals of East Asians. No DEL phenotype has yet been shown to induce a primary alloanti-D immunization in East Asia. A 68-yr-old D-negative Korean man was negative for anti-D at admission, and he developed alloanti-D after transfusion of red blood cells (RBC) from 4 apparently D-negative donors. Four donors who typed D-negative by routine serologic test were analyzed by real-time PCR for RHD gene and RHD (K409K). One donor was found to have RHD (K409K), This is the first case in which DEL RBCs with RHD (K409K) induced a primary alloanti-D immunization in Asian population. Because the DEL phenotype can induce an anti-D immunization in D-negative recipients, further discussion is needed whether RhD negative donors should be screened by molecular method and what an efficient genotyping method is for detecting the RHD gene carriers in Korea. (Korean J Lab Med 2009;29:361-5)Polin H, 2009, TRANSFUSION, V49, P676, DOI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.02046.xFlegel WA, 2009, TRANSFUSION, V49, P465, DOI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01975.xSun CF, 2008, ANN CLIN LAB SCI, V38, P258Richard M, 2007, TRANSFUSION, V47, P852, DOI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01199.xLuettringhaus TA, 2006, TRANSFUSION, V46, P2128, DOI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.01042.xYasuda H, 2005, TRANSFUSION, V45, P1581, DOI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.00579.xWagner T, 2005, TRANSFUSION, V45, P520Gassner C, 2005, TRANSFUSION, V45, P527Kim JY, 2005, TRANSFUSION, V45, P345WAGNER FF, 2001, BMC GENET, V2, P10Avent ND, 2000, BLOOD, V95, P375Aubin JT, 1997, BRIT J HAEMATOL, V98, P356Okuda H, 1997, J CLIN INVEST, V100, P373Avent ND, 1997, BLOOD, V89, P2568HWANG YS, 1996, KOREAN J BLOOD TRANS, V7, P233DANIELS G, 1995, HUMAN BLOOD GROUPSMAK KH, 1993, TRANSFUSION, V33, P348LINCHU M, 1988, TRANSFUSION, V28, P350

Intrapulmonary Cystic Lymphangioma in a 2-month-old Infant

Lymphangioma is an abnormal collection of lymphatics that are developmentally isolated from the normal lymphatic system. Lymphangioma rarely presents as a solitary pulmonary lesion. We report a rare case of intrapulmonary cystic lymphangioma involving the upper lobe of the right lung, which presented with dyspnea in a 2-month-old infant. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest demonstrated a well-circumscribed, multiseptate, cystic lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung, mimicking the feature of type I congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. The tumor was removed by bilobectomy of the upper and middle lobes of the right lung, and its pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of an intrapulmonary cystic lymphangioma