Scandinavian Higher Education Governance – Pursuing Similar Goals through Different Organizational Arrangements

Under embargo until: 2022-02-03The differences and similarities among the three Scandinavian countries, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden have been discussed by social scientists on several occasions. Focusing on higher education (HE) governance systems, this paper raises three questions. (1) What are the differences and similarities among the three countries? (2) How can the similarities and differences be explained? (3) Are the similarities strong enough to justify the common label of a Scandinavian model of HE governance? The three HE governance systems are briefly described and compared. They are then analyzed as, respectively, outcomes of partisan politics or politico-administrative regimes. The paper argues that similarities such as publicness, massive investments, and emphasis on access are best explained in terms of partisan politics, while the variation in governance arrangements can best be explained by path dependencies following choices made at critical junctures within similar politicoadministrative regimes.acceptedVersio

Revista de educación

Presentación sobre la política de admisión a la enseñanza postsecundaria o superior en Suecia. En Suecia, como en la mayoría de los países miembros de la OCDE, se ha asistido durante los años sesenta a una rápida expansión de la enseñanza superior. La tasa de crecimiento registrada por Suecia en este sector de la enseñanza ha sido una de las más elevadas de Europa. Durante tos años sesenta, la mayoría de estos numerosos estudiantes han debido de optar por las materias donde no existe numerus clausus, o número límite de plazas. Sabemos que la enseñanza postsecundaria sueca comprende un sector de enseñanza profesional donde la admisión es muy limitada, que es el relativo a la tecnología, la biomedicina o la odontología, y un sector donde la admisión es libre, mayoritariamente estudios de letras, ciencias sociales, derecho. Se analiza la situación a finales de la década de los sesenta, los principales problemas y medidas tomadas, y para concluir, los cambios en las condiciones de admisión.Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

The VLDL receptor promotes lipotoxicity and increases mortality in mice following an acute myocardial infarction

Impaired cardiac function is associated with myocardial triglyceride accumulation, but it is not clear how the lipids accumulate or whether this accumulation is detrimental. Here we show that hypoxia/ischemia-induced accumulation of lipids in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and mouse hearts is dependent on expression of the VLDL receptor (VLDLR). Hypoxia-induced VLDLR expression in HL-1 cells was dependent on HIF-1α through its interaction with a hypoxia-responsive element in the Vldlr promoter, and VLDLR promoted the endocytosis of lipoproteins. Furthermore, VLDLR expression was higher in ischemic compared with nonischemic left ventricles from human hearts and was correlated with the total lipid droplet area in the cardiomyocytes. Importantly, Vldlr–/– mice showed improved survival and decreased infarct area following an induced myocardial infarction. ER stress, which leads to apoptosis, is known to be involved in ischemic heart disease. We found that ischemia-induced ER stress and apoptosis in mouse hearts were reduced in Vldlr–/– mice and in mice treated with antibodies specific for VLDLR. These findings suggest that VLDLR-induced lipid accumulation in the ischemic heart worsens survival by increasing ER stress and apoptosis