5-Carbamoyl-2-methyl-1-(2-methyl­benz­yl)pyridinium bromide

In the title mol­ecular salt, C15H17N2O+·Br−, the benzene and pyridinium rings form a dihedral angle of 83.0 (1)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯Br and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components into chains along [010]. These chains are linked by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network

catena-Poly[[bis­(2-hydr­oxy-2-phenyl­acetato-κ2 O 1,O 2)zinc(II)]-μ-1,2-di-4-pyridylethane-κ2 N:N′]

The title compound, [Zn(C8H6O3)2(C12H12N2)]n, consists of [Zn(Hopa)2] (H2opa = 2-hydr­oxy-2-phenyl­acetic acid or mandelic acid) units bridged by 1,2-di-4-pyridylethane (bpe) ligands, forming a polymeric chain developing parallel to the b axis. The bridging bpe ligand is arranged around a twofold axis passing through the middle of the ethane C—C bond. The geometry around the ZnII ion is distorted octa­hedral, constructed by four O atoms from two Hopa− ligands and two N atoms from two bridging bpe ligands. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the chains, forming a three-dimensional network

Tetra-μ-benzoato-bis­{[trans-1-(2-pyrid­yl)-2-(4-pyrid­yl)ethyl­ene]zinc(II)}

The paddle-wheel-type centrosymmetric dinuclear title complex, [Zn2(C7H5O2)4(C12H10N2)2], contains four bridging benzoate groups and two terminal trans-1-(2-pyrid­yl)-2-(4-pyrid­yl)ethyl­ene (L) ligands. The inversion center is located between the two ZnII atoms. The octa­hedral coordination around the ZnII atom, with four O atoms in the equatorial plane, is completed by an N atom of the L mol­ecule [Zn—N = 2.0198 (15) Å] and by the second ZnII atom [Zn⋯Zn = 2.971 (8) Å]. The ZnII atom is 0.372 Å out of the plane of the four coordinating O atoms

catena-Poly[[bis­(2,4-dichloro­benzoato)bis­(methanol-κO)cobalt(II)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2 N:N′]

In the title compound, [Co(C7H3Cl2O2)2(C10H8N2)(CH3OH)2]n, the CoII ion lies on a twofold rotation axis and is in a slightly distorted octa­hedral CdO4N2 environment, formed by two O atoms from monodentate dichloro­benzoate ligands, two O atoms from methanol ligands, and two N atoms from trans-related 4,4′-bipyridine ligands. The bipyridine ligands also lies on a twofold rotation axis and bridge the CoII ions, forming chains extending along [010]. An intra­chain O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed

Tetra-μ-benzoato-bis­[(quinoxaline)copper(II)]

The paddlewheel-type centrosymmetric dinuclear title complex, [Cu2(C7H5O2)4(C8H6N2)2], contains four bridging benzoate groups and two terminal quinoxaline ligands. The octa­hedral coordination around each Cu atom, with four O atoms in the equatorial plane, is completed by an N atom of a quinoxaline mol­ecule [Cu—N = 2.2465 (18) Å] and by the second Cu atom [Cu⋯Cu = 2.668 (5) Å]. The Cu atom is 0.216 Å out of the plane of the four O atoms

Tetra-μ-benzoato-bis­[(6-methyl­quino­line)­copper(II)]

In the title compound, [Cu2(C7H5O2)4(C10H9N)2], the paddle-wheel-type dinuclear complex is constructed by four bridging benzoate groups and two terminal 6-methyl­quinoline ligands. The asymmetric unit contains one-half of the whole mol­ecule, and there is an inversion center at the mid-point of the Cu⋯Cu bond. The octa­hedral coordination of each Cu atom, with four O atoms in the equatorial plane, is completed by the N atom of the 6-methyl­quinoline mol­ecule [Cu—N = 2.212 (2) Å] and by another Cu atom [Cu⋯Cu = 2.6939 (13) Å]. The Cu atom lies 0.234 Å out of the plane of the four O atoms. The molecular packing is stabilized by one intramolecular C—H⋯O as well as C—H⋯π and π–π interactions

IL-17 induces production of IL-6 and IL-8 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts via NF-κB- and PI3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathways

Recent studies of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have revealed that both synovial fibroblasts and T cells participate in the perpetuation of joint inflammation as dynamic partners in a mutual activation feedback, via secretion of cytokines and chemokines that stimulate each other. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-17, a major Th1 cytokine produced by activated T cells, in the activation of RA synovial fibroblasts. Transcripts of IL-17R (IL-17 receptor) and IL-17RB (IL-17 receptor B) were present in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA patients. IL-17R responded with increased expression upon in vitro stimulation with IL-17, while the level of IL-17RB did not change. IL-17 enhanced the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in FLS, as previously shown, but did not affect the synthesis of IL-15. IL-17 appears to be a stronger inducer of IL-6 and IL-8 than IL-15, and even exerted activation comparable to that of IL-1β in RA FLS. IL-17-mediated induction of IL-6 and IL-8 was transduced via activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and NF-κB, while CD40 ligation and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) are not likely to partake in the process. Together these results suggest that IL-17 is capable of more than accessory roles in the activation of RA FLS and provide grounds for targeting IL-17-associated pathways in therapeutic modulation of arthritis inflammation

Caregiving experiences predict changes in spiritual well-being among family caregivers of cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: Although enhanced spiritual well-being has been linked to positive mental health outcomes among family caregivers of cancer patients, little is known regarding predictors of spiritual well-being in this population. The current study aimed to examine caregiving experiences as predictors of change in family caregivers' spiritual well-being during the initial months following the patient's cancer diagnosis. METHODS: Seventy family caregivers of newly diagnosed cancer patients (74% female, mean age = 59 years) participated in this longitudinal survey. Caregivers completed baseline questionnaires shortly before staying with the patient at an American Cancer Society Hope Lodge. Baseline questionnaires assessed caregiving experiences (i.e., self-esteem related to caregiving, family support for providing care, impact of caregiving on finances, and impact of caregiving on one's schedule). In addition, caregivers' spiritual well-being (i.e., meaning in life, peace, and faith) was assessed at baseline and 4-month follow-up. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, all caregiving experiences studied were associated with one or more aspects of spiritual well-being at 4-month follow-up. However, in the multivariate analysis, the only caregiving experience associated with aspects of spiritual well-being at 4-month follow-up was caregivers' perceptions of family support. Specifically, lack of family support was associated with lower levels of meaning and peace. CONCLUSIONS: Findings point to the importance of family support in facilitating the search for meaning and peace shortly after a loved one's cancer diagnosis and suggest that interventions targeting caregivers' support system may enhance their spiritual well-being

3-Carbamoyl-1-(2-nitrobenzyl)pyridin­ium bromide

In the title compound, C13H12N3O3 +·Br−, the benzene and pyridinium rings form a dihedral angle of 82.0 (1)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯Br and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components into chains along [001]. In addition, weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds are observed