Bundle Size Engineering of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Silica Nanoparticles

Small and large single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) bundles from different-sized cobalt catalyst clusters have been synthesized and prepared through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method by using Co-acetate ethanol solution with silica nanoparticles. By controlling concentration of Co-acetate ethanol solution (0.2 wt% and 0.4 wt%), various sizes and types of bundle of SWCNTs are grown on the silica nanoparticle substrates. Synthesized SWCNT’s diameter ranged from 0.92 nm to 1.63 nm, and chirality of SWCNTs and their electronic property from high concentration solution show diverse characteristics. In high concentration solution, the large number of cobalt clusters is induced to merge on the surface of silica nanoparticles and then lots of nucleation points are provided by cobalt clusters for growth of SWNTs. These results give us a promising path to selectively synthesize various types of SWCNTs with different shapes of merged cobalt catalyst. Engineering bundle sizes of SWCNTs can be promising key for diverse applications of carbon nanotubes

Trends in Psychological Experiences of Athletes by Period in the Long Jump Competition

PURPOSE This study explored psychological experiences in long jump competitions and examined the continuity of psychological experiences over time. METHODS A total of 28 adult long jumpers, 18 men and 10 women, were provided data through in-depth interviews. Data on psychological experiences were extraced through inductive content analysis, while continuity by period was analyzed by calculating the response frequency ratio using Excel. RESULTS First, the psychological experience in the long jump competition was categorized as fundamental, competition intelligence, emotional control, and communication capacity experience. Second, in long jump competitions, results showed that jumpers experienced mixed feelings of anxiety and pressure, self-confidence, and concentration in the first period; peer communication and analysis thinking were necessary in the second period; practical intelligence and pressure control were important in the third period; learning ability and creativity were crucial in the fourth period; learning ability and coach communication were applied in the fifth period; and fighting spirit and creativity were present in the sixth period. Third, the psychological experience of long jumpers by period, basicphysical strength was maintained; competition intelligence increased in the second and fourth periods; communication skills increased until the fifth period, and decreased after; while emotional control decreased. This reflects the contextual changes over time andthe change in competition records owing to that. CONCLUSIONS In the long jump competition, psychological experience changes by period and affects competition records. This study will contribute to further understanding of psychological continuity

Comprehensive Genome Analysis on the Novel Species Sphingomonas panacis DCY99(T) Reveals Insights into Iron Tolerance of Ginseng

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria play vital roles not only in plant growth, but also in reducing biotic/abiotic stress. Sphingomonas panacis DCY99(T) is isolated from soil and root of Panax ginseng with rusty root disease, characterized by raised reddish-brown root and this is seriously affects ginseng cultivation. To investigate the relationship between 159 sequenced Sphingomonas strains, pan-genome analysis was carried out, which suggested genomic diversity of the Sphingomonas genus. Comparative analysis of S. panacis DCY99(T) with Sphingomonas sp. LK11 revealed plant growth-promoting potential of S. panacis DCY99(T) through indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilizing, and antifungal abilities. Detailed genomic analysis has shown that S. panacis DCY99(T) contain various heavy metals resistance genes in its genome and the plasmid. Functional analysis with Sphingomonas paucimobilis EPA505 predicted that S. panacis DCY99(T) possess genes for degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds in rusty-ginseng root. Interestingly, when primed ginseng with S. panacis DCY99(T) during high concentration of iron exposure, iron stress of ginseng was suppressed. In order to detect S. panacis DCY99(T) in soil, biomarker was designed using spt gene. This study brings new insights into the role of S. panacis DCY99(T) as a microbial inoculant to protect ginseng plants against rusty root disease

Reduced systemic vascular resistance is the underlying hemodynamic mechanism in nitrate-stimulated vasovagal syncope during head-up tilt-table test

AbstractBackgroundNitroglycerin (NTG) challenge during head-up tilt-table testing (HUTT) is often utilized to determine the etiology of unexplained vascular syncope. However, conflicting results concerning nitrate-induced hemodynamic changes during HUTT have been reported. The purpose of this study was to assess the determinants of presyncopal symptoms during NTG-stimulated HUTT.MethodsWe evaluated 40 patients with suspected vasovagal syncope. Beat-to-beat changes in blood pressure, heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) during HUTT were measured with thoracic impedance cardiography and a plethysmographic finger arterial pressure monitoring device.ResultsNone of the 40 patients complained of presyncopal symptoms during passive HUTT. However, after the administration of NTG 28 patients showed presyncopal symptoms (NTG+ group) and the remaining 12 patients did not (NTG– group). HR, CI, and the stroke index did not significantly differ between the two groups, whereas mean arterial pressure and SVR were significantly lower in the NTG+ group.ConclusionsPresyncopal symptoms during NTG-stimulated HUTT are SVR mediated, not cardiac output mediated. This study challenges the conventional idea of a decrease in cardiac output mediated by NTG as the overriding cause of presyncopal symptoms during HUTT

Enhanced Generative Adversarial Networks for Unseen Word Generation from EEG Signals

Recent advances in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, particularly based on generative adversarial networks (GAN), have shown great promise for improving decoding performance for BCI. Within the realm of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI), GANs find application in addressing many areas. They serve as a valuable tool for data augmentation, which can solve the challenge of limited data availability, and synthesis, effectively expanding the dataset and creating novel data formats, thus enhancing the robustness and adaptability of BCI systems. Research in speech-related paradigms has significantly expanded, with a critical impact on the advancement of assistive technologies and communication support for individuals with speech impairments. In this study, GANs were investigated, particularly for the BCI field, and applied to generate text from EEG signals. The GANs could generalize all subjects and decode unseen words, indicating its ability to capture underlying speech patterns consistent across different individuals. The method has practical applications in neural signal-based speech recognition systems and communication aids for individuals with speech difficulties.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

A High-Speed Range-Matching TCAM for Storage-Efficient Packet Classification

Abstract—A critical issue in the use of TCAMs for packet classification is how to efficiently represent rules with ranges, known as range matching. A range-matching ternary content addressable memory (RM-TCAM) including a highly functional range-matching cell (RMC) is presented in this paper. By offering various range operators, the RM-TCAM can reduce storage expansion ratio from 4.21 to 1.01 compared with conventional TCAMs, under real-world packet classification rule sets, which results in reduced power consumption and die area. A new pre-discharging match-line scheme is used to realize high-speed searching in a dynamic match-line structure. An additional charge-recycling driver further reduces the power consumption of search lines. Simulation results of a 256 64-bit range-matching TCAM, when implemented in the 0.13- m CMOS technology, achieves a 1.99-ns search time with an energy efficiency of 1.26 fJ/bit/search. While a TCAM including range encoding approach requires an additional SRAM or DRAM, the RM-TCAM can improve storage efficiency without any extra components as well as reduce the die area