A Psychological Reading of Husband-Wife Relationship in Death of a Salesman

Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller premiered in 1949 to critical acclaim and commercial success. Scholars have been paying attention to research on the female characters, the protagonist from the psychological perspective and father-son relationship, none of these works deals with the husband-wife relationship in Death of a Salesman from a psychological aspect.The paper will examine the family competences of Linda and Willy, dissecting the husband-wife relationship combing the psychological motivation. In the first section, through psychological rejuvenation, Linda embodies a natural force of vigor that infuses in Willy the power of warmth. In the psychological interpretation of Death of a Salesman, the relationship between Willy and Linda formed a sharp contrast between psychological pressure and purifying salvation. Willy suffered from relational anxiety, fearful stress, repressive daily, the loss of body, which brought disaster to his wife, Linda, his sons, Biff and Happy. For this reason, the play arranged a comforting character, his wife, Linda, to contrast the relationship between the couple. Concerning the suppressive daily, Willy’s stubborn personality is linked with frustration and depression in pursuing fantasy; his wife, Linda, gives him warm comfort for his empty dreams with her kindness, love, and above all, intelligence. In the case of his sons, Biff and Happy, especially Biff, on whom Willy places high expectations, Linda saved Willy from the relational tension through her pure nature when the sons frustrate Willy; Linda supports Willy and solves the arguments between Willy and sons to ease the tension. When Willy is faced with an unbearable blow from his job, Linda gives him advice on how to solve problems, such as when Willy loses his job, and the wife advises him to understand the boss and how to deal with the problem. The loneness from family and work also leads Willy to have affairs with an unknown woman; Linda tolerates everything and invisibly reminds Willy. It can be said that the relationship between the wife and her husband is a relationship of dependency, the wife attached to her husband in life and emotion

Single pole switch leg based multi‐port converter with an energy storage

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163829/1/pel2bf03233.pd

Operating- point insensitive voltage control of the Z- source inverter based on an indirect capacitor current control

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163851/1/pel2bf02952.pd

A well-balanced unsplit finite volume model with geometric flexibility

A two-dimensional finite volume model is developed for the unsteady, and shallow water equations on arbitrary topography. The equations are discretized on quadrilateral control volumes in an unstructured arrangement. The HLLC Riemann approximate solver is used to compute the interface fluxes and the MUSCL-Hancock scheme with the surface gradient method is employed for second-order accuracy. This study presents a new method for translation of discretization technique from a structured grid description based on the traditional (i, j) duplet to an unstructured grid arrangement based on a single index, and efficiency of proposed technique for unsplit finite volume method. In addition, a simple but robust well-balanced technique between fluxes and source terms is suggested. The model is validated by comparing the predictions with analytical solutions, experimental data and field data including the following cases: steady transcritical flow over a bump, dam-break flow in an adverse slope channel and the Malpasset dam-break in France

Transmission grid strength analysis and operation of inverter-based microgrids

Renewable energy resources interfaced using inverters contribute insignificant inertia and short-circuit capacity to the power system. As a result, frequency response and voltage regulation may be adversely affected. For this reason, this work focuses on evaluating transmission system strength and operation of microgrids with inverter-interfaced resources. The strength of the transmission grid with large wind farms is investigated based on the voltage phase angle stability. A novel approach for evaluating the strength of low-inertia systems that only relies on phasor measurement unit (PMU) data is proposed and implemented to the Panhandle region of the ERCOT system. The proposed metric evaluates the system strength by calculating the sensitivity of the voltage phase angle to the change of active power flow without using network parameters. The advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated using PMU field data collected from the ERCOT system. This work also focuses on microgrids with inverters. Detailed electromagnetic models of grid-forming and grid-following inverters are discussed, and their equivalent models are developed to improve computation efficiency for steady-state analysis. The equivalent circuit model is developed based on the voltage and current control loops with a current limiter. The current limiting algorithm for the steady-state solver is developed and incorporated into the short-circuit study process. Moreover, voltage imbalance mitigation control of grid-forming inverters supplying unbalanced loads is analyzed. The performance of a grid-forming inverter with voltage balancing capability is demonstrated by blackstarting an islanded microgrid with an unbalanced load and an induction motor. Simulation results showed that the inverter can maintain balanced voltage at nominal value and limit the large unbalance current required to start the motor load. However, the magnitude of the negative-sequence current an inverter can supply is limited by its relatively low rated current. Therefore, we investigate the range of negative-sequence current the inverter can supply and derive formulas to determine the minimum capacity required to supply unbalanced loads interfaced with a delta-wye grounded transformer. Finally, we analyze the power-sharing control of grid-forming inverters in unbalanced circuits. Even though conventional droop controls, designed to share active and reactive powers, are well-developed, they cannot contribute to assigning negative-sequence currents to each inverter. This work presents an adaptive negative-sequence virtual impedance control which allows inverters to inject negative-sequence current proportionally to their capacities. Simulation results show that inverters with the proposed method regulate both positive- and negative-sequence currents as desired.Electrical and Computer Engineerin

Analysis of Variability in Car-Following Behavior Over Long-Term Driving Maneuvers

The main goal of this dissertation has been to contribute to a better understanding of car-following behavior, and more specifically, on the variability in car-following behavior that is commonly observed in naturalistic driving situations. This dissertation includes a thorough review of the literature in this area in which some important limitations of current car-following experimental studies and models, which make them inconsistent with naturalistic driving behavior under car-following situations, were investigated. A new data collection system using an instrumented test vehicle, with a synchronized user interface and data acquisition program coupled with two separate CAN networks, GPS, inertial distance measuring instrument, and digital video, has been developed to produce a sufficient quality and quantity of data on real driving behavior. As a result of the data collection and analysis, we developed a better understanding of various behavioral characteristics in car-following behavior: (1) there was an oscillatory (or "drift") process in car-following behavior, which appears as a sequence of parabolic shapes in keeping desired following distance, (2) traffic hysteresis exists in car-following behavior, which is the phenomenon that drivers' acceleration and deceleration have different speed-density curves, (3) each individual driver has his or her own driving rule, rather than keeping a deterministic and strict driving law, but following distance for individual drivers can vary over time and space under different driving maneuvers and conditions, such as traffic, geometric, or environmental conditions, (4) drivers behave differently under different driving maneuvers, although they have exactly the same (current) instantaneous states, such as speeds of the lead and following vehicles and following distances, (5) reactions of following vehicle caused by the same driving maneuvers in car-following situations repeat themselves over time and space. It was statistically evident from the analysis that different traffic and road characteristics (e.g., vehicle type, number of lanes, location of driving lane, and traffic condition), human characteristics (e.g., gender and distraction factors), and environmental characteristics (e.g., time of day and weather) have different effects on car-following behavior. We hope that the findings of this dissertation will provide clues to guide the construction of more realistic car-following models to help improve the realism of microscopic traffic simulators, for which car-following logic is the core, and to develop more appropriate ACC algorithms and control strategies

ENFRAMED.

Contemporary architectural discourse commonly invokes the term framing.  Derivative phrases contrived in education and practise are seemingly inexhaustible: framing the view, framing space, framing an idea, frame of reference, framework, window frame, body frame, space frame.  The polymorphic nature of the term is perplexing, and despite its frequent and casual mention, the rich potential of framing in the architectural design process is often overlooked.    Framing is a primal phenomenon. It shapes an essential spatial experience with the power to divide, connect, fuse, reveal and conceal entities literally or notionally. In the simple but profound act of recognizing, entering and exiting the boundary between, for example, an interior and an exterior, framing emerges in all its architectural and emotional significance. The experience of the frame is both intimate and metaphysical, hinting at shared but intangible dimensions of architecture. Through essays, drawings, installations, lists, poems, collages, and other architectural media, this thesis presents a body of twelve investigations that seek to elicit the broader notion behind the complex and transformative nature of framing in today’s parlance of architecture. To clarify, organize and interconnect the experiences of framing, the thesis constructs a theoretical framework on which to base further reflection, study, design and construction

Polymer nanorods : preparation, analysis, and chemical modification.

The overall objectives of the projects which constitute this Ph.D. thesis are a preparation of two-component polymer nanorods using anodic alumina membranes as templates and an investigation of their structures as well as a possibility for a preparation of composite nanorods. Anodic alumina membranes with various pore size prepared by the anodization of aluminum in electrochemical cell are used as well as commercial membrane (Chapter 2). Diblock copolymer nanorods are prepared using these membranes and their microphase-separated structures inside the membrane pores are investigated (Chapter 3 and 4). Semicrystalline polymer nanorods are prepared using these membranes and their composites are prepared by polymerizing second monomer inside these nanorods (polymer/polymer composite nanorods) or depositing metal clusters inside these nanorods (polymer/metal composite nanorods) (Chapter 5). Microphase-separated structures of diblock copolymers inside the cylindrical membrane pores are affected by the relationship between the size of pores and the repeat period of the block copolymers (commensurability). Polystyrene- b-polybutadiene (PS-b-PBD) confined inside the membrane pores show novel structures that cannot be accessed by any other method, caused by the commensurability and large curvature of the templates. The interaction between each block of diblock copolymer and the alumina surface is another factor for the micro-phase separated structures of diblock copolymers inside alumina membrane pores. Surface modification of alumina membrane pores using octyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) inverted the multi-barrel structure of symmetric polystyrene-b-polymethylmethacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) and asymmetric PS-b-PMMA at large D/L 0, by changing the polarity of the templates. Asymmetric PS- b-PMMA at small D/L0 does not show this inversion. Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) nanorods are prepared using commercial alumina membranes. PMP/polynorbornene nanorods are prepared by polymerizing norbornene inside PMP nanorods using liquid CO2 as reaction medium. This also provides a way to observe the structures of these semicrystalline polymer nanorods. PMP/Pt nanorods are prepared by introducing Pt precursors, dimethyl(cyclooctadiene)platinum(II) (CODPtMe2), clusters using supercritical CO2 as a medium and reducing it with H2 to form Pt clusters inside PMP nanorods