Communication Strategy of Korean EFL Learners

The research question of this study is ‘How do the Korean EFL leaners in the U.S. perceive communication strategy?’ The communication strategy is the concept that can actually help learner to solve the problem when they encounter during communication. Since the research of communication strategy with Korean students didn’t get heavily attention. Therefore, communication strategy can be a way for Korean learner to improve their communication skill. The perception of communication strategy by Korean students will be figured out in this research. It is expected that the result of this research can give some implication to Korean students and teacher to develop their strategic competence. For the data collection, in-person interview will be conducted in this research. The author will create an interview question which consist of five aspects: 1) Background of participant 2) preference of using communication strategy 3) using communication strategy based on different situation 4) learning experience of communication strategy 5) perception of communication. Participants will describe their own experience of using communication strategy. The data will be analyzed based on Brown’s taxonomy of communication strategy. Also the author will analyze the results to determine if any trends or patterns would emerge

The Role of Self- and Functional Congruity on Online Retail Patronage Behavior

Three research objectives were determined for this study. The first objective was to explore online store image using both qualitative and quantitative methods to compare traditional store image dimensions and online store image dimensions. The second objective was to explore the relationships among self-congruity, functional congruity, online retail patronage behavior, and the possible moderators between to two types of congruity and online retail patronage behavior. The last objective was to compare the observed relationships based on the second objective between two types of online retailers: General merchandise online retailers vs. Specialty online retailers. To collect the data, in-depth interviews as well as an extensive online survey was performed. The data were analyzed through a confirmatory factor analysis and a path analysis. Findings revealed that online store image was defined as six underlying dimensions: Purchase Process and Reliability, Depth and Width of Site Attraction, Cost and Time of Delivery, Price Competitiveness and Communication, Product and Information Availability, and Post-purchase Services. The significant relationships between two types of congruity and online retail patronage behavior were found. First, Self-congruity positively influenced online retail patronage behavior to a slight degree. Conversely, Functional congruity positively influenced online retail patronage behavior to a stronger degree. Consumers’ prior online shopping experience was identified as a moderator, such that consumers with higher prior experience used both functional and self related attributes to decide their online retail patronage behavior. Consumers with lower prior experience used mainly functional attributes to decide the online retail patronage behavior. Managerial and academic implications and future research directions based on the findings were offered

Improving the Effectiveness of South Korean Product Liability Including Punitive Damages: A Comparative Analysis Between the United States and South Korea

As South Korean Product Liability Act was revised to adopt the U.S. doctrine of punitive damages, there is a theoretical necessity of reviewing the relations between the theory of product liability and the U.S. doctrine of punitive damages. The theory of product liability is closely related to the strict liability but the doctrine of punitive damages has been developed to regulate malicious misconducts. Due to the different basic concepts, the strict liability and malicious misconducts, the theory of product liability might not include the doctrine of punitive damages. In addition to the compatibility issue, functions of the punitive damages are another issue. Although the punitive damages, there is a theoretical necessity of reviewing the relations between the theory of product liability and the U.S. doctrine of punitive damages. The theory of product liability is closely related to the strict liability but the doctrine of punitive damages has been developed to regulate malicious misconducts. Due to the different basic concepts, the strict liability and malicious misconducts, the theory of product liability might not include the doctrine of punitive damages. In addition to the compatibility issue, functions of the punitive damages are another issue. Although the punitive damages are regarded not as a criminal issue, but as torts, the punitive damages function as punishment, deterrence, retribution, and so on. With the issues about compatibility and functions, this thesis suggests two implications for improving the revised South Korean Product Liability Act. The first implication for the revised South Korean Product Liability Act is that implementing the punitive damages of South Korea within the three times of compensatory damages regardless of the degree of malicious misconducts is not fit for regulating various types of malicious misconducts. Therefore, there is a necessity for reforming the three–time’s cap of South Korean punitive damages. The second is that South Korean manufacturers have a responsibility to consider their products’ safety

Solving the cohomological equation for locally hamiltonian flows, part II -- global obstructions

Continuing the research initiated in \cite{Fr-Ki2}, we study the existence of solutions and their regularity for the cohomological equations $X u=f$ for locally Hamiltonian flows (determined by the vector field $X$) on a compact surface $M$ of genus $g\geq 1$. We move beyond the case studied so far by Forni in \cite{Fo1,Fo3}, when the flow is minimal over the entire surface and the function $f$ satisfies some Sobolev regularity conditions. We deal with the flow restricted to any its minimal component and any smooth function $f$ whenever the flow satisfies the Full Filtration Diophantine Condition (FFDC) (this is a full measure condition). The main goal of this article is to quantify optimal regularity of solutions. For this purpose we construct a family of invariant distributions $\mathfrak{F}_{\bar t}$, $\bar{t}\in\mathscr{TF}^*$ that play the roles of the Forni's invariant distributions introduced in \cite{Fo1,Fo3} by using the language of translation surfaces. The distributions $\mathfrak{F}_{\bar t}$ are global in nature (as emphasized in the title of the article), unlike the distributions $\mathfrak{d}^k_{\sigma,j}$, $(\sigma,k,j)\in\mathscr{TD}$ and $\mathfrak{C}^k_{\sigma,l}$, $(\sigma,k,l)\in\mathscr{TC}$ introduced in \cite{Fr-Ki2}, which are defined locally. All three families are used to determine the optimal regularity of the solutions for the cohomological equation, see Theorem 1.1 and 1.2. As a by-product, we also obtained, interesting in itself, a spectral result (Theorem 1.3) for the Kontsevich-Zorich cocycle acting on functional spaces arising naturally at the transition to the first-return map.Comment: The paper is closely related to the recent preprint: arXiv:2112.05939, arXiv:2112.13030 and arXiv:2305.1688

Anisotropic spaces and nilmanifold automorphisms

We introduce anisotropic Banach spaces on Heisenberg nilmanifolds and study the resonance spectrum associated to partially hyperbolic automorphisms. In this work we describe an alternative proof of the spectrum which takes advantage of geometric-style anisotropic norms.Comment: Comments welcom

On effective equidistribution of ergodic averages for higher step nilflows and higher rank actions

In the first part of the thesis, we prove the bounds of ergodic averages for nilflows on general higher step nilmanifolds. It is well known that a flow is not renormalizable on higher step nilpotent Lie algebras and it is not possible to adapt the methods of analysis in moduli space. Instead, we develop the technique called ’scaling method’ for operators behaves like renormalization. On the space of Lie algebra satisfying the "transverse" condition, we obtain the speed of convergence of ergodic averages with the polynomial type of exponent regarding the structure of nilpotent Lie algebras.In the second part, we introduce the results on higher rank actions on Heisenberg nilmanifolds. We develop the method for higher rank action by following the work of A.Bufetov and G.Forni. We construct the finitely-additive measure called Bufetov functional and obtain the prove deviation of ergodic averages on Heisenberg nilmanifolds. As an application, we prove the limit theorem of normalized ergodic integrals

Central Angle Optimization for 360-degree Holographic 3D Content

In this study, we propose a method to find an optimal central angle in deep learning-based depth map estimation used to produce realistic holographic content. The acquisition of RGB-depth map images as detailed as possible must be performed to generate holograms of high quality, despite the high computational cost. Therefore, we introduce a novel pipeline designed to analyze various values of central angles between adjacent camera viewpoints equidistant from the origin of an object-centered environment. Then we propose the optimal central angle to generate high-quality holographic content. The proposed pipeline comprises key steps such as comparing estimated depth maps and comparing reconstructed CGHs (Computer-Generated Holograms) from RGB images and estimated depth maps. We experimentally demonstrate and discuss the relationship between the central angle and the quality of digital holographic content