Routes for efficiency enhancement in fluorescent TADF exciplex host OLEDs gained from an electro‐optical device model

Fluorescence-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have increasingly attracted attention in research and industry. One method to implement TADF is based on an emitter layer composed of an exciplex host and a fluorescent dopant. Even though the experimental realization of this concept has demonstrated promising external quantum efficiencies, the full potential of this approach has not yet been assessed. To this end, a comprehensive electro-optical device model accounting for the full exciton dynamics including triplet harvesting and exciton quenching is presented. The model parameters are fitted to multiple output characteristics of an OLED comprising a TADF exciplex host with a fluorescent emitter, showing an external quantum efficiency of >10%. With the model at hand, an emission zone analysis and a parameter study are performed, and possible routes for further efficiency enhancement are presented

Structural dynamics and divergence of the polygalacturonase gene family in land plants

A distinct feature of eukaryotic genomes is the presence of gene families. The polygalacturonase (PG) (EC3.2.1.15) gene family is one of the largest gene families in plants. PG is a pectin-digesting enzyme with a glycoside hydrolase 28 domain. It is involved in numerous plant developmental processes. The evolutionary processes accounting for the functional divergence and the specialized functions of PGs in land plants are unclear. Here, phylogenetic and gene structure analysis of PG genes in algae and land plants revealed that land plant PG genes resulted from differential intron gain and loss, with the latter event predominating. PG genes in land plants contained 15 homologous intron blocks and 13 novel intron blocks. Intron position and phase were not conserved between PGs of algae and land plants but conserved among PG genes of land plants from moss to vascular plants, indicating that the current introns in the PGs in land plants appeared after the split between unicellular algae and multicelluar land plants. These findings demonstrate that the functional divergence and differentiation of PGs in land plants is attributable to intronic loss. Moreover, they underscore the importance of intron gain and loss in genomic adaptation to selective pressure

Natural Language Dataset Generation Framework for Visualizations Powered by Large Language Models

We introduce VL2NL, a Large Language Model (LLM) framework that generates rich and diverse NL datasets using only Vega-Lite specifications as input, thereby streamlining the development of Natural Language Interfaces (NLIs) for data visualization. To synthesize relevant chart semantics accurately and enhance syntactic diversity in each NL dataset, we leverage 1) a guided discovery incorporated into prompting so that LLMs can steer themselves to create faithful NL datasets in a self-directed manner; 2) a score-based paraphrasing to augment NL syntax along with four language axes. We also present a new collection of 1,981 real-world Vega-Lite specifications that have increased diversity and complexity than existing chart collections. When tested on our chart collection, VL2NL extracted chart semantics and generated L1/L2 captions with 89.4% and 76.0% accuracy, respectively. It also demonstrated generating and paraphrasing utterances and questions with greater diversity compared to the benchmarks. Last, we discuss how our NL datasets and framework can be utilized in real-world scenarios. The codes and chart collection are available at https://github.com/hyungkwonko/chart-llm.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure

Large-scale Text-to-Image Generation Models for Visual Artists' Creative Works

Large-scale Text-to-image Generation Models (LTGMs) (e.g., DALL-E), self-supervised deep learning models trained on a huge dataset, have demonstrated the capacity for generating high-quality open-domain images from multi-modal input. Although they can even produce anthropomorphized versions of objects and animals, combine irrelevant concepts in reasonable ways, and give variation to any user-provided images, we witnessed such rapid technological advancement left many visual artists disoriented in leveraging LTGMs more actively in their creative works. Our goal in this work is to understand how visual artists would adopt LTGMs to support their creative works. To this end, we conducted an interview study as well as a systematic literature review of 72 system/application papers for a thorough examination. A total of 28 visual artists covering 35 distinct visual art domains acknowledged LTGMs' versatile roles with high usability to support creative works in automating the creation process (i.e., automation), expanding their ideas (i.e., exploration), and facilitating or arbitrating in communication (i.e., mediation). We conclude by providing four design guidelines that future researchers can refer to in making intelligent user interfaces using LTGMs.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure

Digital Forensic Methodology for Detection of Abnormal Flight of Drones

When a drone accident has occurred, it is difficult to decide whether it is due to a crime, malfunction, mistake, or external force. Although the cause of the accident is elucidated through analysis of artifacts or flight data, there are many limitations. In this study, we present a method for detecting an abnormal flight using the motor current values and controller direction values of a drone. The experimental result revealed that, in the case of a normal flight, the current values of four motors were similar in hovering state and the current value of rear motors were increased when the drone was flying forwards. In the case of an abnormal flight, when the drone moved rightwards due to external force in hovering state, the current values of the two motors on the right side were increased greatly. After a period of time following the movement to the right side, the current values of all the motors converged to 0. In the future, motor current values and controller direction values may be used to determine whether an abnormal flight in a drone accident has occurred because of external force by wind, birds, persons, or the like

Dual Fistulas of Ascending Aorta and Coronary Artery to Pulmonary Artery

Coronary artery fistula to pulmonary artery is common. However, to the best of our knowledge, a case of coronary artery fistula to pulmonary artery associated with aortopulmonary fistula remains unreported. We herein report a 64-year-old female with a left anterior descending coronary artery and ascending aorta to pulmonary artery fistulas, and conduct a brief review of the literature