Transient receptor potential canonical type 3 channels control the vascular contractility of mouse mesenteric arteries

Transient receptor potential canonical type 3 (TRPC3) channels are non-selective cation channels and regulate intracellular Ca2+ concentration. We examined the role of TRPC3 channels in agonist-, membrane depolarization (high K+)-, and mechanical (pressure)-induced vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation in mouse mesenteric arteries. Vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation of endothelial cells intact mesenteric arteries were measured in TRPC3 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice. Calcium concentration ([Ca2+]) was measured in isolated arteries from TRPC3 WT and KO mice as well as in the mouse endothelial cell line bEnd.3. Nitric oxide (NO) production and nitrate/nitrite concentrations were also measured in TRPC3 WT and KO mice. Phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction was reduced in TRPC3 KO mice when compared to that of WT mice, but neither high K+- nor pressure-induced vasoconstriction was altered in TRPC3 KO mice. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was inhibited in TRPC3 KO mice and by the selective TRPC3 blocker pyrazole-3. Acetylcholine blocked the phenylephrine-induced increase in Ca2+ ratio and then relaxation in TRPC3 WT mice but had little effect on those outcomes in KO mice. Acetylcholine evoked a Ca2+ increase in endothelial cells, which was inhibited by pyrazole-3. Acetylcholine induced increased NO release in TRPC3 WT mice, but not in KO mice. Acetylcholine also increased the nitrate/nitrite concentration in TRPC3 WT mice, but not in KO mice. The present study directly demonstrated that the TRPC3 channel is involved in agonist-induced vasoconstriction and plays important role in NO-mediated vasorelaxation of intact mesenteric arteries.Fil: Yeon, Soo-In. Yonsei University College of Medicine; Corea del SurFil: Kim, Joo Young. Yonsei University College Of Medicine; . Yonsei University College of Medicine; Corea del SurFil: Yeon, Dong-Soo. Kwandong University College of Medicine; Corea del SurFil: Abramowitz, Joel. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Birnbaumer, Lutz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Muallem, Shmuel. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Lee, Young-Ho. Yonsei University College of Medicine; Corea del Su

Clinical Characteristics and Genotypes of Rotaviruses in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

BackgroundThere are few reports on the symptoms of rotavirus infections in neonates. This study aims to describe clinical signs of rotavirus infections among neonates, with a particular focus on preterm infants, and to show the distribution of genotypes in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted at a regional NICU for 1 year. Stool specimens from every infant in the NICU were collected on admission, at weekly intervals, and from infants showing symptoms. Rotavirus antigens were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and genotypes were confirmed by Reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The infants were divided into three groups: symptomatic preterm infants with and without rotavirus-positive stools [Preterm(rota+) and Preterm(rota–), respectively] and symptomatic full- or near-term infants with rotavirus-positive stools [FT/NT(rota+)]. Demographic and outcome data were compared among these groups.ResultsA total of 702 infants were evaluated for rotaviruses and 131 infants were included in this study. The prevalence of rotavirus infections was 25.2%. Preterm(rota+) differed from Preterm(rota–) and FT/NT(rota+) with respect to frequent feeding difficulty (p = 0.047 and 0.034, respectively) and higher percentage of neutropenia (p = 0.008 and 0.011, respectively). G4P[6] was the exclusive strain in both the Preterm(rota+) (97.7%) and FT/NT(rota+) (90.2%), and it was the same for nosocomial, institutional infections, and infections acquired at home.ConclusionSystemic illness signs such as feeding difficulty and neutropenia are specific for preterm infants with rotavirus infections. G4P[6] was exclusive, regardless of preterm birth or locations of infections. This study might be helpful in developing policies for management and prevention of rotavirus infections in NICUs

Prognosis of gastric cancer patients with paraaortic lymph node metastasis versus those with distant metastases

Background. It has long been thought that cases of advanced gastric cancer with paraaortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis are impossible to cure. However, several recent reports on the long-term survival of patients with PALN metastasis have reported an increase in the use of gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy, involving the dissection of more nodes than those invaded by the tumor, as the standard surgery for advanced gastric cancer. Material and methods. We reviewed the records of 1,015 patients with a confirmed histologic diagnosis of gastric cancer. Among patients with stage IV gastric cancer, 38 had PALN metastasis compared with 233 with peritoneal dissemination and 77 with hepatic metastasis. Results. Based on tumor location, metastasis to the PALNs was more common in upper-third cancer (p < 0.01); hepatic metastasis was more common in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma; and peritoneal dissemination was more common in poorly differentiated cancer (p < 0.001). The 5-year survival in patients with metastasis to the PALNs was significantly higher (28.2%) than in patients with peritoneal dissemination (5.2%) or hepatic metastasis (12.0%) (p < 0.01). Conclusions. The results reveal a better 5-year survival associated with gastric cancer patients with PALN metastasis as compared with those with other distant metastases. Therefore, we recommend performing a more extended lymphadenectomy in patients with gastric cancer, especially those with suspected metastasis to the PALNs.Introduction. It has long been thought that cases of advanced gastric cancer with paraaortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis are impossible to cure. However, several recent reports on the long-term survival of patients with PALN metastasis have reported an increase in the use of gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy, involving the dissection of more nodes than those invaded by the tumour, as the standard surgery for advanced gastric cancer. Material and methods. The records of 1,015 patients with a confirmed histologic diagnosis of gastric cancer had been reviewed. Among patients with stage IV gastric cancer, 38 had PALN metastasis compared with 233 with peritoneal dissemination and 77 with hepatic metastasis. Results. Based on tumour location, metastasis to the PALNs was more common in upper-third cancer (p < 0.01); hepatic metastasis was more common in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination was more common in poorly differentiated cancer (p < 0.001). The 5-year survival in patients with metastasis to the PALNs was significantly higher (28.2%) than in patients with peritoneal dissemination (5.2%) or hepatic metastasis (12.0%) (p < 0.01). Conclusions. The results reveal a better 5-year survival associated with gastric cancer patients with PALN metastasis as compared with those with other distant metastases. Therefore, performing a more extended lymphadenectomy in patients with gastric cancer is recommended, especially those with suspected metastasis to the PALNs

Diagnostic value of the Vesikari Scoring System for predicting the viral or bacterial pathogens in pediatric gastroenteritis

PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic value of the Vesikari Scoring System (VSS) as an early predictor of pathogens in children with acute gastroenteritis (AG).MethodsIn this retrospective study, the VSS score, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were analyzed in 107 hospitalized children with AG, aged 6 months to 17 years. Patients were divided into nonspecific, viral, and bacterial groups according to the pathogens detected using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test.ResultsPatients in the bacterial group had significantly higher CRP values and VSS scores compared to those in the viral group and significantly higher VSS scores compared to those in the nonspecific group (P<0.05). Patients in the viral group had significantly higher VSS scores than those in the nonspecific group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that VSS was the most effective diagnostic tool for predicting the type of pathogen (P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of VSS was significantly greater than that for ANC and CRP (P<0.05). At a cutoff point of 10 in the VSS, an acceptable diagnostic accuracy could be achieved for distinguishing between bacterial and viral pathogens in AG.ConclusionVSS can be considered a useful and reliable infectious marker for pediatric gastroenteritis. VSS may be a good early predictor of the type of pathogen, enabling development of a treatment plan before results from a stool culture or PCR test are available

Biventricular Thrombi Associated with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

A 22-year old woman visited the LAMB Hospital, Parbatipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, in February 2010, with exertional dyspnea for three weeks. She had had a normal vaginal delivery four months ago; 2-dimensional echocardiogram showed severe left ventricular dysfunction and biventricular thrombi, which resolved without complications after anticoagulation. Biventricular thrombosis with peripartum cardiomyopathy is quite a rare finding, and its clinical course and proper management is not known. No such case has previously been reported in Bangladesh

Comparison of total body irradiation-based or non-total body irradiation-based conditioning regimens for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in pediatric leukemia patients

Purpose : This study aims to compare the outcome of total body irradiation (TBI)- or non-TBI-containing conditioning regimens for leukemia in children. Methods : We retrospectively evaluated 77 children conditioned with TBI (n&#61;40) or non-TBI (n&#61;37) regimens, transplanted at Chonnam National University Hospital between January 1996 and December 2007. The type of transplantation, disease status at the time of transplant, conditioning regimen, engraftment kinetics, development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), complications, cause of deaths, overall survival (OS), and event-free survival (EFS) were compared between the 2 groups. Results : Among 34 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 28 (82.4&#37;) were in the TBI group, while 72.7&#37; (24&#47;33) of patients with myeloid leukemia were in the non-TBI group. Although the 5-year EFS of the 2 groups was similar for all patients (62&#37; vs 63&#37;), the TBI group showed a better 5-year EFS than the non-TBI group when only ALL patients were analyzed (65&#37; vs 17&#37;&#59; P &#61;0.005). In acute myelogenous leukemia patients, the non-TBI group had better survival tendency (73&#37; vs 38&#37;&#59; P&#61;0.089). The incidence of GVHD, engraftment, survival, cause of death, and late complications was not different between the 2 groups. Conclusion : The TBI and non-TBI groups showed comparable results, but the TBI group showed a significantly higher 5-year EFS than the non-TBI group in ALL patients. Further prospective, randomized controlled studies involving larger number of patients are needed to assess the late-onset complications and to compare the socioeconomic quality of life

Prognosis of Stage IV Gastric Cancer Patients

Aim. This study evaluated the survival of gastric cancer patients with metastasis to the hepatoduodenal, retropancreatic, mesenteric, and para-aortic lymph nodes. Materials and methods. We analyzed the survival rate of 435 gastric cancer patients who underwent operation from 2001 to 2010 at the Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital. There were 43, 25, 16, and 55 patients with metastasis to the hepatoduodenal, retropancreatic, mesenteric, and para-aortic nodes, respectively. Results. Based on tumor location, metastasis to the para-aortic lymph nodes was more common in upper-third cancer, and that to the hepatoduodenal lymph nodes was more common in lower-third cancer. The survival rate of patients with non-regional lymph node metastasis was better than that of patients with hepatic metastasis or peritoneal dissemination (p < 0.05). Conclusion. We recommend performing a more extended lymphadenectomy than a D2 lymphadenectomy in patients with advanced gastric cancer those having metastasis to the hepatoduodenal nodes