Recursive Video Lane Detection

A novel algorithm to detect road lanes in videos, called recursive video lane detector (RVLD), is proposed in this paper, which propagates the state of a current frame recursively to the next frame. RVLD consists of an intra-frame lane detector (ILD) and a predictive lane detector (PLD). First, we design ILD to localize lanes in a still frame. Second, we develop PLD to exploit the information of the previous frame for lane detection in a current frame. To this end, we estimate a motion field and warp the previous output to the current frame. Using the warped information, we refine the feature map of the current frame to detect lanes more reliably. Experimental results show that RVLD outperforms existing detectors on video lane datasets. Our codes are available at https://github.com/dongkwonjin/RVLD.Comment: ICCV 2023 accepte

Structured Co-reference Graph Attention for Video-grounded Dialogue

A video-grounded dialogue system referred to as the Structured Co-reference Graph Attention (SCGA) is presented for decoding the answer sequence to a question regarding a given video while keeping track of the dialogue context. Although recent efforts have made great strides in improving the quality of the response, performance is still far from satisfactory. The two main challenging issues are as follows: (1) how to deduce co-reference among multiple modalities and (2) how to reason on the rich underlying semantic structure of video with complex spatial and temporal dynamics. To this end, SCGA is based on (1) Structured Co-reference Resolver that performs dereferencing via building a structured graph over multiple modalities, (2) Spatio-temporal Video Reasoner that captures local-to-global dynamics of video via gradually neighboring graph attention. SCGA makes use of pointer network to dynamically replicate parts of the question for decoding the answer sequence. The validity of the proposed SCGA is demonstrated on AVSD@DSTC7 and AVSD@DSTC8 datasets, a challenging video-grounded dialogue benchmarks, and TVQA dataset, a large-scale videoQA benchmark. Our empirical results show that SCGA outperforms other state-of-the-art dialogue systems on both benchmarks, while extensive ablation study and qualitative analysis reveal performance gain and improved interpretability.Comment: Accepted to AAAI202

Isotope shift measurement of barium 6s2^2 1^1S0_0-5d6p 3^3D1_1 transitions for efficient isotope-selective photoionization

We report the first direct measurement of isotope shifts of the barium 6s$^2$ $^1$S$_0$ - 5d6p $^3$D$_1$ 413nm electric quadrupole transition, which is utilized for efficient barium ion trapping via photoionization using a single coherent light source. The measured isotope shifts relative to $^{138}$Ba are $392.6\pm0.5$ MHz, $177.9\pm0.4$ MHz, $399.7\pm0.8$ MHz, and $126.5\pm1.2$ MHz for isotopes with atomic number 137, 136, 135 and 134, respectively. We verified the measured isotopes with King plot analysis and compared the result with the formerly known shifts inferred from previous studies on neighboring transitions. The results could be used for efficient isotope selective loading of low-abundant barium ions, while careful suppression of line broadening is required for successful isotopic selectivity.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure

Heart-rate Response to Simulated Anxious Events - Development of kids' friendly wearable device for children's safety

This study aims to know how and when small children between 1 to 6 years, feel anxiety during their daily lives. Pre-school children are our target to be kept them from crimes and accidents while they are taken care in the nurseries or kindergartens or on holidays by any responsible persons. This is basic research for designing a wearable device for children!s safety. We made several simulated anxious situations as movies and facial emotion images to show to kids in a set of room. We found depends on the ages or personal experiences, children!s reactions were different and anxiety was shown up differently

Learning the Fundamentals from Hands-on Learning

The projects featured in this piece represent the notion of design as an act of thinking-through-making. Through studies in design principles, craftsmanship, exercises, and projects, students engaged in hands-on learning, which included drawings, model-making, and producing artifacts. Fundamentals of Design Thinking: Architecture Majors Learning Community, Prof. Bronne Dytoc, Prof. Mine H. Hashas-Degertekin, Prof. Zamila Karimi, Prof. Marietta Monaghan, Prof. Willie Pittman, and Prof. Arief Setiawa

High-intensity walking in midlife is associated with improved memory in physically capable older adults

Background Little is known about the associations of midlife- and late life-initiated walking with Alzheimers disease (AD)-related cognitive decline in humans. We aimed to investigate whether high-intensity, prolonged, midlife-initiated walking is associated with changes in AD-related cognitive decline in physically capable older adults. Methods We studied 188 physically capable participants aged 65–90 years without dementia who underwent comprehensive clinical assessment, including of their walking modality (i.e., intensity, duration, midlife- or late life-onset), memory- or non-memory and total cognitive performance, and blood or nutritional biomarkers. Results The walking group showed better episodic memory (B = 2.852, SE = 1.214, β = 0.144, p = 0.020), but not non-memory cognition, than the non-walking group. High-intensity walking starting in midlife was significantly associated with better episodic memory (B = 9.360, SE = 3.314, β = 0.446, p = 0.005) compared to the non-walking group. In contrast, there were no differences in cognition according to walking duration, regardless of the onset time. The walking group also showed a similar association with overall cognition. Conclusions Among physically capable older adults without dementia, walking, particularly at high intensity and starting in midlife, is associated with improved episodic memory, an AD-related cognitive domain. Further attention should be paid to the role of walking in terms of AD prevention.This study was supported by grants from the Hallym University Research Fund (grant no. HURF-2020–56 and HURF-2022–13) and the Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea (grant no. NRF-2020R1G1A1099652). This study was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (grant no. RS-2023-00210820). The funding sources had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the manuscript, or decision to submit it for publication

Synergistic interaction of high blood pressure and cerebral beta-amyloid on tau pathology

Background Hypertension has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia as well as vascular dementia. However, the underlying neuropathological changes that link hypertension to AD remain poorly understood. In our study, we examined the relationships of a history of hypertension and high current blood pressure (BP) with in vivo AD pathologies including β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau and also investigated whether a history of hypertension and current BP respectively affect the association between Aβ and tau deposition. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease, a prospective cohort study. Cognitively normal older adults who underwent both Aβ and tau positron emission tomography (PET) (i.e., [11C]-Pittsburgh compound B and [18F] AV-1451 PET) were selected. History of hypertension and current BP were evaluated and cerebral Aβ and tau deposition measured by PET were used as main outcomes. Generalized linear regression models were used to estimate associations. Results A total of 68 cognitively normal older adults (mean [SD] age, 71.5 [7.4] years; 40 women [59%]) were included in the study. Neither a history of hypertension nor the current BP exhibited a direct association with Aβ or tau deposition. However, the synergistic interaction effects of high current systolic (β, 0.359; SE, 0.141; p = 0.014) and diastolic (β, 0.696; SE, 0.158; p < 0.001) BP state with Aβ deposition on tau deposition were significant, whereas there was no such effect for a history of hypertension (β, 0.186; SE, 0.152; p = 0.224). Conclusions The findings suggest that high current BP, but not a history of hypertension, synergistically modulate the relationship between cerebral Aβ and tau deposition in late-life. In terms of AD prevention, the results support the importance of strict BP control in cognitively normal older adults with hypertension.This study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea (grant No: NRF‑2014M3C7A1046042), a grant from the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (HI18C0630 & HI19C0149), a grant from the Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (No. 3020200030), and a grant from the National Institute on Aging, USA (U01AG072177). The funding sources played no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the manuscript, or decision to submit it for publication