A Method of Experimentally Probing Transeverse Momentum Dependent Distributions

We calculate the double spin asymmetry A_LL(x, y, z, P_hT) of pi^0 production with the spectator model and the model based on the factorization ansatz. We also calculate the double spin asymmetry for the integration over the range of (x,y,z) for the setups of the experiments of COMPASS, HERMES, and JLab. We find that the results are characteristically dependent on the model used. Therefore, we suggest that the measurements of the double spin asymmetry provides a method of experimentally probing the transeverse momentum dependent distributions.Comment: 10 pages, 31 figure

HYBRIDdb: a database of hybrid genes in the human genome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hybrid genes are candidate risk factors for human tumors by inducing mutation, translocation, inversion, or rearrangement of genes. The occurrence of hybrid genes may also have given rise to new transcripts during hominid evolution.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>HYBRIDdb is a database of hybrid genes in humans. This system encompasses the bioinformatics analysis of mRNA, EST, cDNA, and genomic DNA sequences in the INDC databases, and can be used to identify hybrid genes. We searched for hybrid genes among the 28,171 genes listed in the NCBI database, and analyzed their structural patterns in the human genome. The 2,344 gene pairs were detected as hybrid forms of transcriptional products. We classified the hybrid genes into two groups: chromosomal-mediated translocation fusion transcripts and transcription-mediated fusion transcripts.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The HYBRIDdb database will provide genome scientists with insight into potential roles for hybrid genes in human evolution and disease.</p

A decoupled recursive approach for constrained flexible multibody system dynamics

A variational-vector calculus approach is employed to derive a recursive formulation for dynamic analysis of flexible multibody systems. Kinematic relationships for adjacent flexible bodies are derived in a companion paper, using a state vector notation that represents translational and rotational components simultaneously. Cartesian generalized coordinates are assigned for all body and joint reference frames, to explicitly formulate deformation kinematics under small deformation kinematics and an efficient flexible dynamics recursive algorithm is developed. Dynamic analysis of a closed loop robot is performed to illustrate efficiency of the algorithm

Transduction of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase mediated by an HIV-1 Tat protein basic domain into human chondrocytes

This study was performed to investigate the transduction of a full-length superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein fused to transactivator of transcription (Tat) into human chondrocytes, and to determine the regulatory function of transduced Tat-SOD in the inflammatory cytokine induced catabolic pathway. The pTat-SOD expression vector was constructed to express the basic domain of HIV-1 Tat as a fusion protein with Cu, Zn-SOD. We also purified histidine-tagged SOD without an HIV-1 Tat and Tat-GFP as control proteins. Cartilage samples were obtained from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and chondrocytes were cultured in both a monolayer and an explant. For the transduction of fusion proteins, cells/explants were treated with a variety of concentrations of fusion proteins. The transduced protein was detected by fluorescein labeling, western blotting and SOD activity assay. Effects of transduced Tat-SOD on the regulation of IL-1 induced nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression was assessed by the Griess reaction and reverse transcriptase PCR, respectively. Tat-SOD was successfully delivered into both the monolayer and explant cultured chondrocytes, whereas the control SOD was not. The intracellular transduction of Tat-SOD into cultured chondrocytes was detected after 1 hours, and the amount of transduced protein did not change significantly after further incubation. SOD enzyme activity increased in a dose-dependent manner. NO production and iNOS mRNA expression, in response to IL-1 stimulation, was significantly down-regulated by pretreatment with Tat-SOD fusion proteins. This study shows that protein delivery employing the Tat-protein transduction domain is feasible as a therapeutic modality to regulate catabolic processes in cartilage. Construction of additional Tat-fusion proteins that can regulate cartilage metabolism favorably and application of this technology in in vivo models of arthritis are the subjects of future studies

A New pH-ISFET Based Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

A new dissolved oxygen sensor based on pH-ISFET has been discussed. A platinum working electrode surrounding a pH-sensing gate of the pH-ISFET electrolyzes dissolved oxygen, resulting in a corresponding pH change. The pH-ISFET can determine dissolved oxygen concentration through detecting this pH change. --Summar

LINE FUSION GENES: a database of LINE expression in human genes

BACKGROUND: Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs) are the most abundant retrotransposons in humans. About 79% of human genes are estimated to contain at least one segment of LINE per transcription unit. Recent studies have shown that LINE elements can affect protein sequences, splicing patterns and expression of human genes. DESCRIPTION: We have developed a database, LINE FUSION GENES, for elucidating LINE expression throughout the human gene database. We searched the 28,171 genes listed in the NCBI database for LINE elements and analyzed their structures and expression patterns. The results show that the mRNA sequences of 1,329 genes were affected by LINE expression. The LINE expression types were classified on the basis of LINEs in the 5' UTR, exon or 3' UTR sequences of the mRNAs. Our database provides further information, such as the tissue distribution and chromosomal location of the genes, and the domain structure that is changed by LINE integration. We have linked all the accession numbers to the NCBI data bank to provide mRNA sequences for subsequent users. CONCLUSION: We believe that our work will interest genome scientists and might help them to gain insight into the implications of LINE expression for human evolution and disease. AVAILABILITY