Human rights, health and the state in Bangladesh

BACKGROUND: This paper broadly discusses the role of the State of Bangladesh in the context of the health system and human rights. The interrelation between human rights, health and development are well documented. The recognition of health as a fundamental right by WHO and subsequent approval of health as an instrument of welfare by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights (ICSECR) further enhances the idea. Moreover, human rights are also recognized as an expedient of human development. The state is entrusted to realize the rights enunciated in the ICSECR. DISCUSSION: In exploring the relationship of the human rights and health situation in Bangladesh, it is argued, in this paper, that the constitution and major policy documents of the Bangladesh government have recognized the health rights and development. Bangladesh has ratified most of the international treaties and covenants including ICCPR, ICESCR; and a signatory of international declarations including Alma-Ata, ICPD, Beijing declarations, and Millennium Development Goals. However the implementation of government policies and plans in the development of health institutions, human resources, accessibility and availability, resource distribution, rural-urban disparity, the male-female gap has put the health system in a dismal state. Neither the right to health nor the right to development has been established in the development of health system or in providing health care. SUMMARY: The development and service pattern of the health system have negative correlation with human rights and contributed to the underdevelopment of Bangladesh. The government should take comprehensive approach in prioritizing the health rights of the citizens and progressive realization of these rights

Sheepskin effects in work behaviour

Numerous studies have documented disproportionate increases in wage rates from receiving educational credentials, as opposed to from just years of education. This study shows 'sheepskin effects' in hours of work that are similar to the sheepskin effects in wage rates. Systematic sheepskin effects are found in labour-force participation and conditional hours of work, as well as in wage rates. Moreover, the sheepskin effects in hours of work are apparently not simply endogenous responses to the sheepskin effects in wage rates. Thus, sheepskin effects in earnings are much larger than those previously shown for wage rates. The results suggest that education is sorted more by work intentions than innate ability.

Occupations, Human Capital and Skills

Occupations, Human capital, Job skill, Wages,

Labour force participation rates at the regional and national levels of the European Union: An integrated analysis

This study investigates the causes of variation in regional labour force participation rates in a cross-country perspective. A microeconomic framework of the labour force participation decision is aggregated across individuals to obtain an explanatory model of regional participation rates in which both regional-level and national-level variables serve as explanatory variables. An appropriate econometric model of random coefficients for the regional variables and fixed coefficients for the national variables is developed, further taking into account that observations may be correlated over time and in space and that some of the explanatory variables are not strictly exogenous. This model is estimated for men and for women, using annual 1983-1997 Eurostat data from 157 regions across 13 EU countries. The hypotheses that regional participation rates in the EU are determined by a common structure and that labour force participation can be encouraged by a common policy must be strongly rejected. Copyright (c) 2007 the author(s). Journal compilation (c) 2007 RSAI.

Individual Preferences for the Unconditional Basic Income in the European Union

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