VISUOMOTOR AND AUDIOMOTOR REACTION TIME IN ELITE AND NON-ELITE BADMINTON PLAYERS

The ability to quickly perceive appropriate motor response is essential in the badminton sport under the critical time pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the visual and auditory reaction time, speed, anaerobic power and vertical jump between elite and non-elite badminton athletes. With this purpose, various anthropometric measurements, hexagonal obstacle test, vertical jump test, anaerobic power measurement and auditory and visual reaction time tests were performed to the elite and non-elite athletes. When auditory reaction time, vertical jump and anaerobic power measurements were evaluated, there was no significant difference between the elite and non-elite groups, but it was noticed that there was a significant differences in quickness and visual reaction time in favor of elite athletes. It is also seen that speed and visual reaction time have a positive effect on badminton athletes are able to get to the high performance level in other literature information. For this reason, it has been thought that training programs designed for badminton athletes by considering these physiological parameters and training systems designed to increase the reaction time may be beneficial.  Article visualizations

La résorption de l’azote et du phosphore chez deux espèces décidues sympatriques le long d’un gradient altitudinal

Some leaf traits (N and P concentrations, N/P ratio, specific leaf area, mean residence time of nitrogen and phosphorus (MRTN and MRTP ) and foliar resorption were investigated in two sympatric deciduous species (Amelanchier rotundifolia (Lam.) Dum.-Courset subsp. rotundifolia and Rhamnus oleoides L. subsp. graecus) which are the most characteristic species of steppe and rocky vegetation along an elevation gradient to determine which leaf traits were related to nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency (NRE and PRE) and proficiency (NRP and PRP). Statistically significant differences were found along the elevation gradient between the two sympatric deciduous species with respect to green leaf N/P ratio, NRE , MRTN , MRTP and leaf longevity. NRE was below the threshold values for deciduous species in A. roundifolia subsp. rotundifolia although PRE was higher than threshold values. Both NRE and PRE were higher than threshold values for deciduous species in R. oleoides subsp. graecus. Soil phosphorus concentrations were found to be rather low along the elevation gradient. Leaf N/P ratios varied between 25.54 and 37.11 in A. rotundifolia subsp. rotundifolia, and 11.59 to 21.96 in R. oleoides subsp. graecus and these values indicate P rather than N-limitation for these species. As with NRE and PRE mean residence time of nutrients (MRT ) both MRTN and MRTP were considerably higher in R. oleoides subsp. graecus. It has been found that A. rotundifolia subsp. rotundifolia has low green leaf P concentration and high N/P ratio and has a CS (competitor/ stress-tolerant) strategy, whilst R. oleoides subsp. graecus has a C/CS (competitor/ competitor stress-tolerant) transitional type strategy In conclusion, higher MRTN and MRTP would provide a competitive advantage of a certain species in mixed-deciduous species stands and also enable higher PRE along an elevation gradientQuelques traits foliaires (concentrations en N et P, N/P ratio, surface foliaire spécifique, temps moyen de résidence de l'azote et du phosphore (MRTN et MRTP) et résorption foliaire) ont été étudiés chez deux espèces décidues sympatriques (Arnelanchier rotundifolia (Lam.) Dum.-Courset subsp. rotundifolia et Rhamnus oleoides L. subsp. graecus) qui sont les espèces les plus caractéristiques de la végétation steppique et rupicole le long d'un gradient altitudinal et cela pour déterminer quels traits foliaires sont liés à l'efficience (NRE et PRE) et à la capacité (NRP et PRP) en azote et phosphore. Des différences statistiquement significatives ont été trouvées le long du gradient altitudinal entre les deux espèces pour ce qui concerne le N/P ratio des feuilles vertes, NRE, MRTN, MRTP et la longévité foliaire. NRE était sous les valeurs-seuils des espèces décidues pour A. rotundifolia subsp. rotundifolia bien que PRE était plus élevé que les valeurs-seuils. Tant NRE que PRE étaient plus élevés que les valeurs-seuils des espèces décidues pour R. oleoides subsp. graecus. Les concentrations en phosphore du sol sont apparues plutôt faibles au long du gradient altitudinal. Les N/P ratios foliaires variaient entre 25,54 et 37,11 chez A. rotundifolia subsp. rotundifolia et entre 11,59 et 21,96 chez R. oleoides subsp. graecus ; ces valeurs indiquent une limitation par P plutôt que par N chez ces espèces. Comme pour NRE et PRE, les temps moyens de résidence des nutriments (MRTN et MRTP) étaient considérablement plus élevés chez R. oleoides subsp. graecus. A. rotundifolia subsp. rotundifolia a montré une faible concentration en P dans les feuilles vertes et un fort N/P ratio et a une stratégie CS (compétiteur / tolérant au stress) alors que R. oleoides subsp. graecus a un type de stratégie de transition C/CS (compétiteur / compétiteur ― tolérant au stress). En conclusion des MRTN et MRTP élevés fourniraient un avantage compétitif à certaines espèces décidues dans des peuplements mixtes et permettraient de plus forts PRE le long d'un gradient altitudinal

A Flexible Front-End for Wearable Electrochemical Sensing

This work presents the design and the realization of a flexible front-end circuitry for electrochemical sensing with wearable devices. The hardware combines readout circuitry for amperometric and Open Circuit Potential (OCP) measurements. The sensing platforms are dedicated to lactate and lithium detection in sweat, hence allowing the monitoring of athletes under physical effort. The wearability of the system is ensured by the flexibility of the electronic substrate, its small dimensions that fit an armband case, and the wireless transmission through a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module. The power consumption of the system has been evaluated to be 200mW, with 3.6V on board power supply

Biofilm-Forming Ability and Effect of Sanitation Agents on Biofilm-Control of Thermophile Geobacillus sp. D413 and Geobacillus toebii E134

Geobacillus sp. D413 and Geobacillus toebii E134 are aerobic, non-pathogenic, endospore-forming, obligately thermophilic bacilli Grampositive thermophilic bacilli can produce heat-resistant spores. The bacteria are indicator organisms for assessing the manufacturing process's hygiene and are capable of forming biofilms on surfaces used in industrial sectors. The present study aimed to determine the biofilm-forming properties of Geobacillus isolates and how to eliminate this formation with sanitation agents. According to the results, extracellular DNA (eDNA) was interestingly not affected by the DNase I, RNase A, and proteinase K. However, the genomic DNA (gDNA) was degraded by only DNase I. It seemed that the eDNA had resistance to DNase I when purified. It is considered that the enzymes could not reach the target eDNA. Moreover, the eDNA resistance may result from the conserved folded structure of eDNA after purification. Another assumption is that the eDNA might be protected by other extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and/or extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) structures. On the contrary, DNase I reduced unpurified eDNA (mature biofihns). Biofilm formation on surfaces used in industrial areas was investigated in this work: the D413 and E134 isolates adhered to all surfaces. Various sanitation agents could control biofilms of Geobacillus isolates. The best results were provided by nisin for D413 (80\%) and a-amylase for E134 (98\%). This paper suggests that sanitation agents could be a solution to control biofilm structures of thermophilic bacilli

Center for art and culture : city extension in Rize

Abweichender Titel nach Übersetzung der VerfasserinAuf der für eine Stadterweiterung vorhergesehene Fläche, die sich auf dem Meeresspiegel der Stadt Rize befindet, entsteht das Zentrum für Kunst und Kultur in der Schwarzmeerregion der Türkei. Das Zentrum für Kunst und Kultur bezweckt einen Ort, der die Bewohner durch sein Funktionsangebot anzieht, um somit das Interesse an Kunst zu wecken. Das Gebilde beinhaltet zudem einen Bazar, indem die regionalen Produkte der Stadt Rize vermarktet werden. Das multifunktionale Gebäude, welches als Überbrückungsbauwerk und Hafenanlage dient, ist Verbindungsglied zwischen der Stadt und dem Neuland.An area anticipated for city expansion, which is located on the sea level of the city Rize, the center for art and culture is created in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The center for art and culture aims a place, which attracts the residents by offer of functions, to arouse the interest in art. The structure also includes a bazaar, by marketing the property of the city Rize. The multifunctional building, which serves as bridging construction and port area, is the link between the city and the new area.9

Fouling-resistant pencil graphite electrode

A Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) is herein disclosed. The electrode is characterized by a reduced content in graphite and an increased content in clay of the composite material composing it compared to the prior art PGEs. In particular, the PGE according to the invention is characterized by a clay/graphite ratio of at least 0.4. The PGE has a lower tendency to show a fouling effect when used in electrochemical analyses, particularly of phenolic compounds such as paracetamol and propofol present in a sample. Sensors comprising the PGE of the invention, as well as methods for using thereof, are also herein disclosed

A new insight into electrochemical microRNA detection: A molecular caliper, p19 protein

WOS: 000321085600027PubMed ID: 23680935microRNA (miRNA) has drawn a great attention in biomedical research due to its functions on biological processes. Detection of miRNAs is a big challenge since the amount present in real samples is very low and the length of them is short. In this study, for the first time an electrochemical biosensor for detection of mir21 using the oxidation signal of protein 19 (p19) as a molecular caliper was designed. The proposed method enables detection of mir21 in direct, rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and label-free way. Binding specificity of the p19 to 20-23 base pair length double stranded RNA (dsRNA) and direct/water-mediated intermolecular contacts between the fusion protein and miRNA allows detection of miRNA-antimiRNA hybrid structure. The detection of mir21 was achieved in picomole sensitivity through the changes of intrinsic p19 oxidation signals observed at +0.80 V with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and the specifity of the designed sensor was proved by control studies. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

A novel psychoanalytical approach: An electrochemical ligand-binding assay to screen antipsychotics

Schizophrenia treatment may see a paradigm shift due to development of new atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs), with better tolerability due to more selective dopamine (DA) receptor blockade. Monitoring of these APD candidates in biological fluids is of great importance to reduce the development cost, to clarify the mechanism of action and ultimately to support the demonstration of efficacy of these molecules. Electrochemical approaches have attracted great attention for monitoring DA and APD levels but none of the methods developed so far aimed to screen APD candidates. Herein, by this work, we propose for the first time an electrochemical ligand-binding approach for antipsychotic drug screening where competitive binding of a novel APD and DA to a dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) was investigated by looking at electrochemical signals of DA and drug before and after D3R interaction. D3R peptide was incubated with DA and/or drug first and then changes in electrochemical oxidation signals of free DA and the drug was measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Circular Dichroism pectroscopy was used to investigate the secondary structure of the peptide upon binding with either drug and/or DA

Electrochemical determination of nicotine in smokers' sweat

In this work, we report the demonstration of the capability of electrochemical sensors to provide measurements directly on the sweat of volunteers to successfully discriminate heavy smokers by light ones. Since its importance as pharmaceutical treatment-agent for nicotine replacement therapy for purposes of tobacco cessation, and since that is the key compound for the development of reduced-risk cigarettes by tobacco industry, nicotine is one of those markers that are of interest for monitoring in human sweat. Especially in therapies for purposes of smoking cessation, easy methods for an easy measure of nicotine on the patients is highly required for a fine adjustment of the nicotine dosage as release, e.g., by through therapeutic patches. Therefore, we have checked the use of a simple, inexpensive and very sensitive electrochemical sensor for quantification of nicotine in smokers' sweat. Proposed sensor is capable for fast, label-free and pretreatment-free detection of nicotine in human sweat as collected directly from the skin of heavy and light smokers. Our finding demonstrates as we can detect nicotine from human skin with sweat-collecting patches thanks to its lower detection limit (0.59 mu M) as compared to the physiological limit of nicotine in human blood (12.33 mu M), while keeping under control the selectivity with respect various interfering compounds find in sweat too