Prediction of the Feed Values of Maize Silage by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Until recently, feed evaluation of silages in official laboratories and feed factories was based on cutting date, chemical composition and the ammonia fraction. However, in vitro techniques have been developed based on rumen fluid or commercial enzymes to replace laborious, time-consuming and expensive digestibility experiments with animals. In this study the possibility of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the chemical composition and digestibility of maize silage was examined

Duality Symmetry in Momentum Frame

Siegel's action is generalized to the D=2(p+1) (p even) dimensional space-time. The investigation of self-duality of chiral p-forms is extended to the momentum frame, using Siegel's action of chiral bosons in two space-time dimensions and its generalization in higher dimensions as examples. The whole procedure of investigation is realized in the momentum space which relates to the configuration space through the Fourier transformation of fields. These actions correspond to non-local Lagrangians in the momentum frame. The self-duality of them with respect to dualization of chiral fields is uncovered. The relationship between two self-dual tensors in momentum space, whose similar form appears in configuration space, plays an important role in the calculation, that is, its application realizes solving algebraically an integral equation.Comment: 11 pages, no figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Effects of general and locoregional anesthesia on reproductive outcome for in vitro fertilization: a meta-analysis.

The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate prospective trials of general or locoregional anesthesia on reproductive outcomes (cleavage and pregnancy rate) for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Of 115 published studies retrieved from a search of articles indexed on MEDLINE from 1966 to February 1999, four studies with distinct general and locoregional anesthesia were deemed eligible for meta- analysis. The pooled relative risk and odds ratios were calculated. A test for homogeneity was also performed. The pooled log odds ratio was 1.03 (95% CI 0.90-1.18) in cleavage rate and 0.71 (95% CI 0.47-1.08) in pregnancy rate. Heterogeneity was negative. Cleavage and pregnancy rates were not significantly different in both the general anesthesia and locoregional anesthesia groups. Both anesthetic techniques were favorable to IVF procedure by available published evidence when anesthesia was needed

Construction of 3⊗33\otimes 3 entangled edge states with positive partial transposes

We construct a class of $3\otimes 3$ entangled edge states with positive partial transposes using indecomposable positive linear maps. This class contains several new types of entangled edge states with respect to the range dimensions of themselves and their partial transposes.Comment: 14 page

Development and Validation of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model With Thermosphere and Ionosphere Extension (WACCM‐X 2.0)

Key developments have been made to the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X). Among them, the most important are the self‐consistent solution of global electrodynamics, and transport of O+ in the F‐region. Other ionosphere developments include time‐dependent solution of electron/ion temperatures, metastable O+ chemistry, and high‐cadence solar EUV capability. Additional developments of the thermospheric components are improvements to the momentum and energy equation solvers to account for variable mean molecular mass and specific heat, a new divergence damping scheme, and cooling by O(3P) fine structure. Simulations using this new version of WACCM‐X (2.0) have been carried out for solar maximum and minimum conditions. Thermospheric composition, density, and temperatures are in general agreement with measurements and empirical models, including the equatorial mass density anomaly and the midnight density maximum. The amplitudes and seasonal variations of atmospheric tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere are in good agreement with observations. Although global mean thermospheric densities are comparable with observations of the annual variation, they lack a clear semiannual variation. In the ionosphere, the low‐latitude E × B drifts agree well with observations in their magnitudes, local time dependence, seasonal, and solar activity variations. The prereversal enhancement in the equatorial region, which is associated with ionospheric irregularities, displays patterns of longitudinal and seasonal variation that are similar to observations. Ionospheric density from the model simulations reproduces the equatorial ionosphere anomaly structures and is in general agreement with observations. The model simulations also capture important ionospheric features during storms