One parameter family of indecomposable optimal entanglement witnesses arising from generalized Choi maps

In the recent paper [Chru\'{s}ci\'{n}ski and Wudarski, arXiv:1105.4821], it was conjectured that the entanglement witnesses arising from some generalized Choi maps are optimal. We show that this conjecture is true. Furthermore, we show that they provide a one parameter family of indecomposable optimal entanglement witnesses.Comment: 3 page

Identification of Accretion as Grain Growth Mechanism in Astrophysically Relevant Water–Ice Dusty Plasma Experiment

The grain growth process in the Caltech water–ice dusty plasma experiment has been studied using a high-speed camera and a long-distance microscope lens. It is observed that (i) the ice grain number density decreases fourfold as the average grain major axis increases from 20 to 80 μm, (ii) the major axis length has a log-normal distribution rather than a power-law dependence, and (iii) no collisions between ice grains are apparent. The grains have a large negative charge resulting in strong mutual repulsion and this, combined with the fractal character of the ice grains, prevents them from agglomerating. In order for the grain kinetic energy to be sufficiently small to prevent collisions between ice grains, the volumetric packing factor (i.e., ratio of the actual volume to the volume of a circumscribing ellipsoid) of the ice grains must be less than ~0.1 depending on the exact relative velocity of the grains in question. Thus, it is concluded that direct accretion of water molecules is very likely to dominate the observed ice grain growth

Entanglement witnesses arising from Choi type positive linear maps

We construct optimal PPTES witnesses to detect $3\otimes 3$ PPT entangled edge states of type $(6,8)$ constructed recently \cite{kye_osaka}. To do this, we consider positive linear maps which are variants of the Choi type map involving complex numbers, and examine several notions related to optimality for those entanglement witnesses. Through the discussion, we suggest a method to check the optimality of entanglement witnesses without the spanning property.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

On kernel polynomials and self perturbation of orthogonal polynomials

20 pages, no figures.-- MSC2000 code: 42C05.MR#: MR1847402 (2002h:42049)Zbl#: Zbl 1034.42022Given an orthogonal polynomial system $(Q_n(x))_{n=0} infty$, define another polynomial system by where αn are complex numbers and t is a positive integer. We find conditions for $(P_n(x))_{n=0} infty$ to be an orthogonal polynomial system. When t=1 and α1≠0, it turns out that $(Q_n(x))_{n=0} infty$ must be kernel polynomials for $(P_n(x))_{n=0} infty$ for which we study, in detail, the location of zeros and semi-classical character.The first author (KHK) was partially supported by the BK-21 project and KOSEF(98-0701-03-01-5). The second author (DWL) was partially supported by BK-21 project. The third author (FM) was partially supported by Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior (DGES) of Spain under grant PB96-0120-C03-01. The fourth author (SBP) was partially supported by the Hwarangdae Research Institute.Publicad

Prediction of the Feed Values of Maize Silage by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Until recently, feed evaluation of silages in official laboratories and feed factories was based on cutting date, chemical composition and the ammonia fraction. However, in vitro techniques have been developed based on rumen fluid or commercial enzymes to replace laborious, time-consuming and expensive digestibility experiments with animals. In this study the possibility of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the chemical composition and digestibility of maize silage was examined

Spitzer Parallax of OGLE-2018-BLG-0596: A Low-mass-ratio Planet around an M Dwarf

We report the discovery of a Spitzer microlensing planet OGLE-2018-BLG-0596Lb, with preferred planet-host mass ratio q ~ 2 × 10^(−4). The planetary signal, which is characterized by a short (~1 day) "bump" on the rising side of the lensing light curve, was densely covered by ground-based surveys. We find that the signal can be explained by a bright source that fully envelops the planetary caustic, i.e., a "Hollywood" geometry. Combined with the source proper motion measured from Gaia, the Spitzer satellite parallax measurement makes it possible to precisely constrain the lens physical parameters. The preferred solution, in which the planet perturbs the minor image due to lensing by the host, yields a Uranus-mass planet with a mass of M_p = 13.9 ± 1.6 M⊕ orbiting a mid M-dwarf with a mass of M_h = 0.23 ± 0.03 M⊙. There is also a second possible solution that is substantially disfavored but cannot be ruled out, for which the planet perturbs the major image. The latter solution yields M_p = 1.2 ± 0.2 M⊕ and M_h = 0.15 ± 0.02 M⊙. By combining the microlensing and Gaia data together with a Galactic model, we find in either case that the lens lies on the near side of the Galactic bulge at a distance D_L ~ 6 ± 1 kpc. Future adaptive optics observations may decisively resolve the major image/minor image degeneracy

Validation of commonly used reference genes for sleep-related gene expression studies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sleep is a restorative process and is essential for maintenance of mental and physical health. In an attempt to understand the complexity of sleep, multidisciplinary strategies, including genetic approaches, have been applied to sleep research. Although quantitative real time PCR has been used in previous sleep-related gene expression studies, proper validation of reference genes is currently lacking. Thus, we examined the effect of total or paradoxical sleep deprivation (TSD or PSD) on the expression stability of the following frequently used reference genes in brain and blood: <it>beta-actin (b-actin), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)</it>, and <it>hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT)</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Neither TSD nor PSD affected the expression stability of all tested genes in both tissues indicating that <it>b-actin, B2M, GAPDH </it>and <it>HPRT </it>are appropriate reference genes for the sleep-related gene expression studies. In order to further verify these results, the relative expression of <it>brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) </it>and <it>glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase1 (GPD1) </it>was evaluated in brain and blood, respectively. The normalization with each of four reference genes produced similar pattern of expression in control and sleep deprived rats, but subtle differences in the magnitude of expression fold change were observed which might affect the statistical significance.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study demonstrated that sleep deprivation does not alter the expression stability of commonly used reference genes in brain and blood. Nonetheless, the use of multiple reference genes in quantitative RT-PCR is required for the accurate results.</p

Duality Symmetry in Momentum Frame

Siegel's action is generalized to the D=2(p+1) (p even) dimensional space-time. The investigation of self-duality of chiral p-forms is extended to the momentum frame, using Siegel's action of chiral bosons in two space-time dimensions and its generalization in higher dimensions as examples. The whole procedure of investigation is realized in the momentum space which relates to the configuration space through the Fourier transformation of fields. These actions correspond to non-local Lagrangians in the momentum frame. The self-duality of them with respect to dualization of chiral fields is uncovered. The relationship between two self-dual tensors in momentum space, whose similar form appears in configuration space, plays an important role in the calculation, that is, its application realizes solving algebraically an integral equation.Comment: 11 pages, no figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.