Business-Oriented Research Professionals – Empirical Results for Academics’ Interdisciplinarity and Their Collaboration with Enterprises

The aim of the paper is to present profiles of scientists and research professionals who perform activities in favour of business. Characteristics of academics with reference to their scientific achievements, professional recognition and scientific interdisciplinarity are presented. Profiles are created on the basis of analyses of empirical results collected from the survey taken among academic society. It is possible to compare profiles of researchers working for business sector to these who are eager to cooperate with companies. Characteristics concerning individual scientists refer to their age, gender, scientific degree and affiliation, together with the discipline in which they perform their scientific activities. The following study is the part of the project aimed at investigation of Polish scientific community, with reference to interdisciplinarity in research fields and performance of Polish scientists. Analyses have been focused on studying relations between interdisciplinarity of research and successes of Polish scientists achieved at national level. The core idea of the given analyses is to identify and try to measure relations between business and scientific activities. It is suggested that academics collaborating with enterprises are producing more voluble research and publications. These scientists are also appreciated as scientific professionals by academic society. Finally, researchers supporting enterprises with scientific knowledge and expertise present higher level of interdisciplnarity in their research.The work presented in this paper has been supported by project “Interdisciplinarity in research with reference to scientific performance of individual researchers” National Science Centre grant No 2013/09/D/HS4/02729 and statutory founding from the Information Processing Institute, public research institute financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland.Izabela Kijeńska-Dąbrowska: [email protected] Młodożeniec: [email protected] Kijeńska-Dąbrowska, Ph.D. – National Information Processing InstituteMarek Młodożeniec, M.Sc. – National Information Processing InstituteAgrawal A. 2001 University-to-Industry Knowledge Transfer: Literature Review and Unanswered Questions, “International Journal of Management Reviews”, 3.Bird B. J., Allen D. N. 1989 Faculty Entrepreneurship in Research University Environments, “The Journal of Higher Education”, Vol. 60, No. 5 (Sep. – Oct.).Clark B. R. 1998 Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organisational Pathways of Transformation, published for the IAU Press by Pergamon Press.Collier A., Gray B. 2010 The Commercialisation of University Innovations – A Qualitative Analysis of the New Zealand Situation, Centre for Entrepreneurship School of Business University of Otago, Research report.Cook T., Dwek T. R., Blumberg B., Hockaday T. 2008 Commercialising University Research: Threats and Opportunities – The Oxford Model, “Capitalism and Society”. Vol. 3, Is. 1, Article 4.D’Este P., Perkmann M. 2011 Why Do Academics Engage with Industry? The Entrepreneurial University and Individual Motivations, “The Journal of Technology Transfer”, 36(3).Duberley J., Cohen L., Leeson E. 2007 Entrepreneurial Academics: Developing Scientific Careers in Changing University Settings, “Higher Education Quarterly”, Vol. 61, No. 4, October.Etzkowitz H. 2008 The Triple Helix. University – Industry – Government, Innovation in Action, Routledge, London.Etzkowitz H., Leydesdorff L. 2000 The Dynamics of Innovation: From National System and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations, “Research Policy’ 29.Etzkowitz H. 2004 The Evolution of the Entrepreneurial University, “Int. J. Technology and Globalisation”, Vol. 1, No.1.Gibb A., Haskins G., Robertson I. 2013 Leading the Entrepreneurial University: Meeting the Entrepreneurial Development Needs of Higher Education Institutions, [in:] Universities in Change, Springer, New York.Gibb A., Haskins G., Hannon P., Robertson I. 2012 Leading the Entrepreneurial University: Meeting the Entrepreneurial Development Needs of Higher Education (2009, updated 2012).Hagen S. 2008 From Tech Transfer to Knowledge Exchange: European Universities in the Marketplace, Wenner-Gren International Series, 84.Higher Education Act 2005, Journal of Laws 2012, Item. 572, as amended.Kijeńska-Dąbrowska I. 2011 The Roles of Public R&D Entities [in:] Modern Society Innovative Potential in the Dynamic Knowledge-Based Economy, Konwledge and Innovation Institute, Cracow, pp.72-97.Kim Y., Kim W., Yang T. 2012 The Effect of the Triple Helix System and Habitat on Regional Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence from the US, “Research Policy”, 41(1).Knapińska A., Tomczyńska A. 2013 Competences of Polish Scientists as a Contribution to the Success of Innovation Research and Development Projects, [in:] Innovations and Knowledge Commercialization. Cooperative Resources, Integrated Science and Business, Centrum Transferu Technologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.Lehrera M., Nell P., Gärber L. 2009 A National Systems View of University Entrepreneurialism: Inferences from Comparison of the German and US Experience, “Research Policy”, 38.Leydesdorff L., Meyer M. 2003 The Triple Helix of University – Industry – Government Relations, “Scientometrics”, Vol. 58, No. 2.Leydesdorff L., Rafols I. 2011 Indicators of the Interdisciplinarity of Journals: Diversity, Centrality, and Citations, “Journal of Informetrics”, 5.Meyer L. H., Evans I. M. 2007 Supporting Academic Staff: Meeting New Expectations in Higher Education without Compromising Traditional Faculty Values, “Higher Education Policy”, Vol. 20.Mohrman K. et al. 2008 The Research University in Transition: The Emerging Global Model, “Higher Education Policy” 21.Mosey S., Noke H., Binks M. 2012 The Influence of Human and Social Capital upon the Entrepreneurial Intentions and Destinations of Academics, “Technology Analysis & Strategic Management”, 24(9).Philpott K., Dooley L., O’Reilly C., Lupton G. 2011 The Entrepreneurial University: Examining the Underlying Academic Tensions, “Technovation”, 31(4).Science Funding Act 2010, Journal of Laws 96, Item 615, as amended.Van Looy B., Landoni P., Callaert J., van Pottelsberghe B., Sapsalis E., Debackere K. 2011 Entrepreneurial Effectiveness of European Universities: An Empirical Assessment of Antecedents and Trade-offs, “Research Policy” 40(4).Van Vught F., Kaiser F., File J. M., Gaethjens C., Peter R., Westerheijden F. 2010 U-Map: The European Classification of Higher Education Institutions, CHEPS, Enschede, Netherlands.139-1545(77)13915

Impedimetric and Plasmonic Sensing of Collagen I Using a Half-Antibody-Supported, Au-Modified, Self-Assembled Monolayer System

This research presents an electrochemical immunosensor for collagen I detection using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and covalently immobilized half-reduced monoclonal antibody as a receptor; this allowed for the validation of the collagen I concentration through two different independent methods: electrochemically by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and optically by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The high unique advantage of the proposed sensor is based on the performance of the stable covalent immobilization of the AuNPs and enzymatically reduced half-IgG collagen I antibodies, which ensured their appropriate orientation onto the sensor’s surface, good stability, and sensitivity properties. The detection of collagen type I was performed in a concentration range from 1 to 5 pg/mL. Moreover, SPR was utilized to confirm the immobilization of the monoclonal half-antibodies and sensing of collagen I versus time. Furthermore, EIS experiments revealed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.38 pg/mL. The selectivity of the performed immunosensor was confirmed by negligible responses for BSA. The performed approach of the immunosensor is a novel, innovative attempt that enables the detection of collagen I with very high sensitivity in the range of pg/mL, which is significantly lower than the commonly used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

The response surface methodology for optimization of tyrosinase immobilization onto electrospun polycaprolactone-chitosan fibers for use in bisphenol A removal.

Composite polycaprolactone-chitosan material was produced by an electrospinning method and used as a support for immobilization of tyrosinase by mixed ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds formation. The morphology of the fibers and enzyme deposition were confirmed by SEM images. Further, multivariate polynomial regression was used to model the experimental data and to determine optimal conditions for immobilization process, which were found to be pH 7, temperature 25 °C and 16 h process duration. Under these conditions, novel type of biocatalytic system was produced with immobilization yield of 93% and expressed activity of 95%. Furthermore, as prepared system was applied in batch experiments related to biodegradation of bisphenol A under various remediation conditions. It was found that over 80% of the pollutant was removed after 120 min of the process, in the temperature range 15-45 °C and pH 6-9, using solutions at concentration up to 3 mg/L. Experimental data collected proved that the stability and reusability of the tyrosinase were significantly improved upon immobilization: the immobilized biomolecule retained around 90% of its initial activity after 30 days of storage, and was still capable to remove over 80% of bisphenol A even after 10 repeated uses. By contrast, free enzyme was able to remove over 80% of bisphenol A at pH 7-8 and temperature range 15-35 °C, and retained less than 60% of its initial activity after 30 days of storage

Impedimetric and Plasmonic Sensing of Collagen I Using a Half-Antibody-Supported, Au-Modified, Self-Assembled Monolayer System

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-07-05, pub-electronic 2021-07-08Publication status: PublishedThis research presents an electrochemical immunosensor for collagen I detection using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and covalently immobilized half-reduced monoclonal antibody as a receptor; this allowed for the validation of the collagen I concentration through two different independent methods: electrochemically by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and optically by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The high unique advantage of the proposed sensor is based on the performance of the stable covalent immobilization of the AuNPs and enzymatically reduced half-IgG collagen I antibodies, which ensured their appropriate orientation onto the sensor’s surface, good stability, and sensitivity properties. The detection of collagen type I was performed in a concentration range from 1 to 5 pg/mL. Moreover, SPR was utilized to confirm the immobilization of the monoclonal half-antibodies and sensing of collagen I versus time. Furthermore, EIS experiments revealed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.38 pg/mL. The selectivity of the performed immunosensor was confirmed by negligible responses for BSA. The performed approach of the immunosensor is a novel, innovative attempt that enables the detection of collagen I with very high sensitivity in the range of pg/mL, which is significantly lower than the commonly used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

On the structure of Universe

Artykuł opisuje rozwój wiedzy o budowie materii, poczynając od czasów starożytnych, kończąc na obecnym stanie wiedzy. Omówione zostały starożytne indyjskie i greckie teorie atomu, podejście alchemików, rozwój współczesnej chemii pozwalający na wprowadzenie pojęcia pierwiastka, atomu, elektronu, historyczne modele budowy atomu: model Thomsona, Rutherforda, Bohra i Gryzińskiego. Krótko omówione zostały wybrane zagadnienia chemii kwantowej. Na koniec podsumowano obecny stan wiedzy o budowie atomu a także cząstkach elementarnych.The development of the knowledge on the matter structure was described, from ancient times to present. The ancient Indian and Greek theories of atom, the alchemists point of view were demonstrated, as well as the development of modern chemistry leading to the concepts of element, atom and electron. The historical models of atom structures of Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr and Gryziński were shortly discussed. The selected problems of quantum chemistry were briefly described. In the conclusion the present state on atom structure and elementary particles was summarized

Biofuels- have we exhausted all the possibilities?

Wobec przewidywanego 54% wzrostu światowej konsumpcji energii w okresie 2001 -2025 i wyczerpywania się zasobów mineralnych do zaspakajania potrzeb energetycznych niezbędne jest poszukiwanie możliwości zastąpienia konwencjonalnych źródeł energii odnawialnymi. W artykule omówiono pojęcie biopaliwa, tj. substancji ciekłych, gazowych i paliw stałych produkowanych z biomasy. Wskazano trzy generacje biopaliw oraz warunki niezbęd ne dla optymalizacji procesu produkcji zrównoważonych biopaliw. Autorzy konstatują, że - pomimo prognozowanego wzrostu pro dukcji - biopaliwa nigdy nie zaspokoją w całości energetycznych potrzeb ludzkości.Given the projected 54% increase in world energy consumption in the period 2001-2025 and the depletion of mineral resources for satisfying energy needs is essential to explore the possibility of replacing conventional sources of renewable energy. The article discusses the concept of biofuels, such as liquid substances, gases and solid fuels produced from biomass. Identified three generations of biofuels and the conditions necessary to optimize the production of sustainable biofuels. The authors concludes that - despite the projected increase in production - biofuel never entirely satisfy the energy needs of humanity

When identical means identical

Artykuł z cyklu "Słoneczna chemia" ma za zadanie przybliżenie młodemu człowiekowi zagadnień związanych z szeroko pojętą identycznością cząsteczek chemicznych. Z jednej strony pokazuje identyczność cząsteczek niezależnie od źródła ich pozyskiwania, z drugiej uwrażliwia na fakt, że taki sam wzór chemiczny nie musi oznaczać takiej samej cząsteczki. Szeroko omówione jest zjawisko izomerii optycznej, wraz z praktycznymi implikacjami z niej wynikającymi. Autorka pokusza się także o spekulacje, czy mógłby istnieć i jak by wyglądał świat lustrzany do naszego.This paper of the "Sunny Chemistry" series is intended to familiarise a young man or woman with the problems of the broadly interpreted identity (sameness) of chemical molecules. It shows, on the one hand, the identity of molecules derived from various sources, and, on the other hand, it draws attention to the fact that the same chemical formula does not necessarily indicate an identical molecule. The phenomenon of optical isomerism is discussed extensively along with its practical implications. The author also speculates whether a mirror image of our world could exist and what would it look like

The condition of the intellectual potential and platform chemicals base for the production of engineering polymers in Poland. Shell we be able to keep up with the main global players?

W opinii ekspertów tworzywa inżynieryjne i agrochemikalia stanowią jedyne branże, w których europejski przemysł chemiczny może skutecznie konkurować na rynku globalnym. Polskie spółki sektora Wielkiej Syntezy Chemicznej od lat nie wykazują wysokomarżowego rozwoju down-stream. W pracy przeprowadzono ocenę możliwości rozwoju obszaru chemikaliów inżynieryjnych w Polsce, z uwzględnieniem trendów światowych, kompetencji i tradycji polskich firm oraz zaplecza badawczego, a także niedomagań obszaru wytwórczego chemikaliów platformowych.In the opinion of experts, engineering polymers and agrochemicals are the only fields, in which the European chemical industry can successfully compete in the global market. Polish companies which are grouped in the Great Chemical Synthesis sector have not shown any high gain development down-stream for years. An analysis of the potentials for growth in the field of engineering chemicals in Poland, taking into consideration global trends, the competence and tradition of Polish companies and their R&D base as well as the shortcomings of the production sector of platform chemicals have been presented