Nível de dano, plantas invasoras hospedeiras, inimigos naturais e controle do psilídeo da goiabeira (Triozoida sp.) no submédio São Francisco Studies of damage level, weed host plants, natural enemies and control of Triozoida sp. in guava plants at the São Francisco River Valley

Com o objetivo de obter informações para implementação do Manejo Integrado do psilídeo da goiabeira, no Vale do São Francisco, realizaram-se estudos sobre nível de dano, plantas invasoras hospedeiras, seletividade e efeito do thiamethoxam 10GR e 250WG no controle de Triozoida sp. O experimento foi conduzido em Petrolina-PE, em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1) thiamethoxam 10GR aplicado no solo; 2) thiamethoxam 250WG pulverizado semanalmente; 3) thiamethoxam 10GR aplicado no solo + thiamethoxam 250WG pulverizado semanalmente; 4, 5 e 6) pulverizações com thiamethoxam 250WG quando se constatou 10, 20 e 30% de ramos infestados, respectivamente; 7, 8 e 9) thiamethoxam 10GR aplicado no solo + thiamethoxam 250WG pulverizado semanalmente quando se constatou 10, 20 e 30% de ramos danificados, respectivamente e 10) testemunha (sem inseticida). A percentagem de galhos infestados na testemunha (33,6%) diferiu significativamente dos tratamentos 2 (2,8%), 3 (4,33%), 4 (19,7%), 7 (13,45%), 8 (14,50%) e 9 (15,00%). Nas parcelas tratadas com thiamethoxam, a redução populacional de inimigos naturais variou de 12,5 a 39,6%, correspondendo às notas 1 e 2 na escala de seletividade (1 = atóxico (< 25%), 2 = pouco tóxico (25-50%). O número e o peso de frutos foram semelhantes em todos os tratamentos. Foram encontradas 51 espécies de invasoras, nenhuma hospedeira do psilídeo.<br>This study was conducted to increment the integrated management of Triozoida sp. (Hemiptera, Psylliidae) in guava plants at the São Francisco River Valley. The damage level, weed hosts, selectivity and effect of the thiamethoxam 10GR and 250WG in the control of psylliidae were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in an irrigated area, at Petrolina, Pernambuco, in a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of: 1) thiamethoxam 10GR applied on soil; 2) thiamethoxam 250WG sprayed weekly; 3) thiamethoxam 10GR applied on soil + thiamethoxam 250WG sprayed weekly; 4; 5; 6) thiamethoxam 250WG sprayed when 10, 20 and 30% of infested branches were reached, respectively; 7; 8; 9) thiamethoxam 10GR applied on soil + thiamethoxam 250WG sprayed when 10, 20 and 30% of infested branches were reached, respectively; and 10) control (no insecticide). The percentage of infested branches in the control treatment differed significantly from the treatments 2 (2.8%), 3 (4.3%), 4 (19.7%), 7 (13.4%), 8 (14.5%) and 9 (15.0%). When thiamethoxam was used, the population reduction of natural enemies ranged from 12.5 to 39.6%, corresponding, in the selective scale, to grades (1 = non offensive (< 25%), 2 = not very toxic (25-50%). Number and weight of fruits were similar in all the treatments. Fifty one weed species and no host of Triozoida sp. were found

Planting density and initial growth of two tree species adapted to the semi-arid region

Planting densities influence several aspects of forest formation, including management practices, timber yield, quality, and extraction, and consequently its production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate Mimosa caesalpiinifolia and Gliricidia sepium growth as a function of planting density (400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 plants ha-1) and plant age. The species were evaluated every 90 days for plant height (PH), crown diameter (CD) and root collar diameter (RCD) (10 cm above the ground), with the first evaluation performed at 90 days and the last at 720 days. When plants were one year of age and beyond, evaluations were conducted also for stem diameter at breast height (DBH) (1.30 m above the ground). A randomized block design with split-plots and three replicates was adopted. Species were assigned to plots, planting densities were assigned to subplots, and evaluation ages were assigned to subsubplots. The four traits in both species had their values decreased as planting density increased, but continually increased as plant age increased. For PH and RCD there was an alternation between species superiority, with gliricidia being superior to sabiá at some ages, while the opposite occurred at other ages. As to CD the species only differed in the last measurement, gliricidia being superior. With regard to DBH, gliricidia was superior starting from the second measurement. There was an effect of the species × ages interaction for the four traits and also an effect of the densities × ages interaction for CD and DBH